... principles that could affect climate change adaptation, yet there remain substantial obstacles in reaching a meaningful predictive framework. This Review starts with exploring some of the traits considered in individuals and approaches used in assessing evolutionary adaptation relevant to climate, and some...

... integrative – accounts of what enables animals to do all that they do, under so many environmental conditions. Areas where I see exciting potential for novel multi-level analyses include animal–microbiome interactions ( McFall-Ngai, 2015 ), adaptive editing of RNAs ( Rosenthal, 2015 ) and modulation...

...Natalie E. van Dis; Maurijn van der Zee; Roelof A. Hut; Bregje Wertheim; Marcel E. Visser ABSTRACT Climate change is rapidly altering the environment and many species will need to genetically adapt their seasonal timing to keep up with these changes. Insect development rate is largely influenced...

... adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in the snow leopard . J. Exp. Biol. 218 , 2402 - 2409 . 10.1242/jeb.125369 Jelkmann , W. and Bauer , C. ( 1980 ). Oxygen binding properties of caiman blood in the absence and presence of carbon dioxide . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 65 , 331...

... ecophysiological studies on terrestrial ectotherms from the Arctic and Antarctic typically focus on the ability of species to tolerate the extreme low temperatures that can occur in these regions, whereas studies investigating species plasticity and the importance of evolutionary adaptation to periodically high...

... at this threshold; their performance can depend on additional factors. In humans and zebra finches, discrimination thresholds for colour stimuli depend on background colour, and thus the adaptive state of the visual system. We have tested how well chickens can discriminate shades of orange or green presented...

... a remarkable set of behavioral and physiological adaptations that allow them to exploit the unique food resources available in hypoxic zones. These adaptations help to explain how large-bodied consumers might thrive in the underground aquifers of diverse and productive river floodplains. * Author...

... exposure to the same stressor. Adaptation Blood pressure Heart rate Corticosterone Chronic variable stress Social isolation The physiological responses observed during aversive threats [e.g. hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and cardiovascular/autonomic changes] are part...

... adaptation affected hindgut reabsorption at benign (24°C) and low temperature (3°C). Cold-tolerant Drosophila species and cold-acclimated D. melanogaster maintain superior fluid and Na + reabsorption at low temperature. Furthermore, cold adaptation and acclimation caused a relative reduction in K...

...Jingxing Ou; Sarah Rosa; Luke E. Berchowitz; Wei Li ABSTRACT Comparative physiologists are often interested in adaptive physiological phenomena found in unconventional model organisms; however, research on these species is frequently constrained by the limited availability of investigative tools...

... for nearly 40 years has resulted in fast and consistent locomotor recovery from anoxia in Drosophila melanogaster . Anoxic coma Laboratory selection Carbon dioxide Adaptation Locomotor behaviour Locomotor recovery Time to immobilization Adult insects have the remarkable ability...

...Samuel Ginot; Anthony Herrel; Julien Claude; Lionel Hautier ABSTRACT Morphological traits are frequently used as proxies for functional outputs such as bite force performance. This allows researchers to infer and interpret the impacts of functional variation, notably in adaptive terms. Despite...

...Heather J. Bryant; Dillon J. Chung; Patricia M. Schulte ABSTRACT Thermal effects on mitochondrial efficiency and ATP production can influence whole-animal thermal tolerance and performance. Thus, organisms may have the capacity to alter mitochondrial processes through acclimation or adaptation...

... on a number of time scales, including short time frames due to seasonal variation, or through longer-term evolutionary tuning. There is also evidence for ‘on-the-fly’ adaptations in adult fish in response to rapidly changing environmental conditions; however, results are contradictory. Here, we investigated...

...Simon Wilshin; Paul S. Shamble; Kyle J. Hovey; Ryan Harris; Andrew J. Spence; S. Tonia Hsieh ABSTRACT Although many arthropods have the ability to voluntarily lose limbs, how these animals rapidly adapt to such an extreme perturbation remains poorly understood. It is thought that moving...

...Agnieszka Jendroszek; Hans Malte; Cathrine B. Overgaard; Kristian Beedholm; Chandrasekhar Natarajan; Roy E. Weber; Jay F. Storz; Angela Fago ABSTRACT The high blood–O 2 affinity of the bar-headed goose ( Anser indicus ) is an integral component of the biochemical and physiological adaptations...

...Kristan A. Leech; Ryan T. Roemmich ABSTRACT Humans can acquire new walking patterns in many different ways. For example, we can change our gait voluntarily in response to instruction or adapt by sensing our movement errors. Here, we investigated how acquisition of a new walking pattern through...

... mechanisms have been described in nematodes, how parasites adapt to the immune environment provided by their hosts remains largely unexplored. Here, we used the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus to investigate the plasticity of life history traits and immunomodulatory mechanisms in response...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2017 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Animals are uniquely adapted to sense their environment. Populations of western rainbowfish exhibit habitat-specific specializations of the lateral line system that are likely linked with the animals...

... temperature-adaptive change in flexibility of regions in and around the active sites. Interspecific differences in effects of temperature on fine-scale protein movements are consistent with the differences in thermal effects on binding and rates of heat denaturation. * Author for correspondence ( dongyw...