... that dopamine but not water content enables stretch and thinning of cuticle in the rapid phase of engorgement. Cuticular plasticization Viscoelastic Plastic deformation Dopamine Young's modulus Extensibility Amblyomma hebraeum Kelvin–Voigt In ixodid ticks, the feeding period comprises...

... (Young's modulus, E ) of the material (keratin) and the geometry of the rachises, more precisely the second moment of area ( I ). Two independent methods were employed to determine Young's modulus of feather rachis keratin. Moreover, the second moment of area and the bending stiffness of feather shafts...

... and caudally in all individuals. Young's modulus ( E ) ranged from 3.67 to 8.40 GPa, with a mean of 6.48 GPa. The flexural stiffness ( EI ) differed significantly between ribs, and the hollow cylinder morphology increased the flexural stiffness by 12.0% over a solid, circular cross-section rod with the same...

...), 12 h (paper-shell stage), and 7 days(hard-shell stage) following molting. We measured and compared the flexural stiffness, Young's modulus of elasticity (in tension), and tensile strength for each postmolt stage. We found that the hard-shell cuticle has a flexural stiffness fully four orders...

... direction of the pitcher causes a marked anisotropy of the surface. The glandular zone surface is composed of relatively stiff material (Young's modulus, 637.19±213.44 kPa). It is not homogeneous, in terms of adhesive properties, and contains numerous areas without adhesion as well as adhesive areas...

... than the anterior cortex; the anterior cortex is stronger in tension than the posterior cortex. We here use nanoindentation to examine how the Young’s modulus of elasticity of secondary osteones and interstitial lamellae in the anterior and posterior cortices varied as a function of angle. The anterior...

... time to rupture Young’s modulus sheep Ovis aries Tendons are cyclically loaded during locomotion. The fluctuating stresses can be expected to cause damage, which will accumulate, leading eventually to failure unless it is repaired. In vitro experiments (in which repair processes do...

... stress-in-life time-to-rupture fatigue quality Young’s modulus repair biological design Macropus rufogrisea All tendons transfer force between muscles and bones. However, the peak stress to which the tendon is thereby subjected varies according to its anatomical site and the species ( Ker...

...John D. Currey ABSTRACT The bending strength of a wide variety of bony types is shown to be nearly linearly proportional to Young’s modulus of elasticity/100. A somewhat closer and more satisfactory fit is obtained if account is taken of the variation of yield strain with Young’s modulus...

...Richard H. C. Bonser; Peter P. Purslow ABSTRACT The flexural stiffness of the rachis varies along the length of a primary feather, between primaries and between species; the possible contribution of variations in the longitudinal Young’s modulus of feather keratin to this was assessed. Tensile...