... of the range of elongation this system can undertake, especially along the trachea. Here, we used biplanar cineradiography and X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) to record 15 species of cadaveric birds from 9 different orders while an operator moved the birds’ heads in different directions...

... work. Through a combination of X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM), electromyography and fluoromicrometry, we characterised the 3D kinematics of the jaw and digastric muscle during feeding in rabbits. Subsequently, the work loop technique was used to simulate in vivo muscle behaviour...

... of the anterior vertebral column with XROMM and muscle shortening in 14 epaxial subregions with fluoromicrometry during feeding in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). We compared measured strain with the predicted strain based on beam theory's curvature–strain relationship. Trout flexed the vertebrae dorsally...

...; tamanduas also increase diagonality on more challenging supports. XROMM Xenarthra Biomechanics Elbow Locomotion Pectoral girdle Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 EXC 1027 NY 63/2-1 Gait and posture in quadrupedal tetrapods has often...

...Ellen Y. Li; Elska B. Kaczmarek; Aaron M. Olsen; Elizabeth L. Brainerd; Ariel L. Camp ABSTRACT Suction feeding in ray-finned fishes involves powerful buccal cavity expansion to accelerate water and food into the mouth. Previous XROMM studies in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), bluegill...

... learning markerless motion capture approach, by comparing it with a 3D X-ray video radiography system that tracks markers placed under the skin (XROMM). We recorded behavioral data simultaneously with XROMM and RGB video as marmosets foraged and reconstructed 3D kinematics in a common coordinate system. We...

... of moving morphology (XROMM): precision, accuracy and applications in comparative biomechanics research . J. Exp. Zool. Part A Ecol. Genet. Physiol. 313 , 262 - 279 , 10.1002/jez.589 Brainerd , E. L. , Moritz , S. and Ritter , D. A. ( 2016 ). XROMM analysis of rib kinematics...

.... Here, we analyzed the kinematics of buccal expansion during suction feeding in P. bichir using X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) and quantified the contributions of skeletal elements to oral cavity volume expansion and prey capture. Mouth gape peaks early in the strike, followed...

... these diverse demands? We implemented a hybrid combination of marker-based and markerless X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) to measure 3D metatarsal kinematics in three juvenile American alligators ( Alligator mississippiensis ) across their locomotor and maneuvering repertoire on a motorized...

... of the present study was to compare jaw and tongue kinematics during mastication and drinking in the pig ( Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758) using X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) with additional soft tissue markers in the tongue. First, we determined whether the two behaviors use the same degrees...

... mobility and enables accurate comparative studies of joint function. Mobility Range of motion Euler angles Joint coordinate system XROMM Visualization Many studies aim to quantify joint rotational mobility in both extant and extinct animals (e.g. Arnold et al., 2014 ; Hutson and Hutson...

... imaging to measure epaxial and hypaxial length dynamics (fluoromicrometry) and associated skeletal motions (XROMM) during 24 suction feeding strikes from three channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ). We also estimated the power required for suction feeding from oral pressure and dynamic endocast volume...

...J.D. Laurence-Chasen; Armita R. Manafzadeh; Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos; Callum F. Ross; Fritzie I. Arce-McShane ABSTRACT Marker tracking is a major bottleneck in studies involving X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM). Here, we tested whether DeepLabCut, a new deep learning package built...

... these hypotheses, we measured food and cartilage motion with XROMM during intra-oropharyngeal transport and swallowing ( N =3 individuals, 2–3 trials per individual). After entering the mouth, food does not move smoothly toward the esophagus, but rather moves in distinct steps with relatively little retrograde...

... behaviors of these disparate taxa has implications for our understanding of convergence in vertebrate feeding systems. Here, we used XROMM (X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology) to investigate prey processing behavior of Potamotrygon motoro , the ocellate river stingray, which has recently been found...

... different from the actinopterygian mechanism, including more mobile hyomandibulae, with the jaws and ceratohyal suspended from the hyomandibulae. Prior studies have proposed skeletal kinematics during feeding in orectolobid sharks from indirect measurements. Here, we tested these hypotheses using XROMM...

... Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM), we tested the hypothesis that moles burrow using different forelimb kinematics in loose and compact substrates. We predicted that moles raise mounds of loose soil by performing powerful compacting strokes mainly with long-axis rotation of the humerus (i.e. pronation...

...: Although the sternohyoideus muscle shortens to generate small amounts of power, bluegill sunfish require large regions of axial musculature – operating at or near maximum power output – to power suction feeding. XROMM Fluoromicrometry Muscle work Muscle power Shortening velocity Fish can...

... (high toughness, low stiffness), and almonds (high toughness, high stiffness). We also determined whether within-food variability in timing parameters is modified in response to changes in food properties. X-ray Reconstruction Of Moving Morphology (XROMM) demonstrates that the timing of jaw movements...

... muscles and achieve a particular mouth-opening trajectory. Our results also expand the versatility of four-bar models in simulating biomechanical systems and extend their utility beyond planar or single-DoF systems. Biomechanical modeling Model complexity XROMM Cranial kinesis 3D kinematics Joint...