... (NaBi) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) to measure P met and P mech in blackcaps flying in a wind tunnel. We also cross-validated measurements made by NaBi with quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) body composition analysis in yellow-rumped warblers. We found that P met estimated by NaBi was ∼12...

.... Yellow-rumped warblers were fed diets low in PUFA, or high in long-chain n-3 or n-6 PUFA. Flight muscle was sampled from birds in each diet treatment at rest or immediately after flying for up to a maximum of 360 min in a wind tunnel. Flight increased flight muscle superoxide dismutase activity but had...

... ) with avian erythropoietin (EPO) and anti-EPO to experimentally manipulate Hct and assessed flight performance at low and high altitudes using a hypobaric wind tunnel. We showed that anti-EPO-treated birds had lower Hct than vehicle- and EPO­-treated birds post-treatment. Anti-EPO-treated birds also had...

... these hypotheses, we flew six male Allen's hummingbirds in an open-jet wind tunnel at flight speeds of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 14 m s −1 , and recorded their flight with two ‘acoustic cameras’ placed below and behind, or below and lateral to the flying bird. The acoustic cameras are phased arrays of 40 microphones...

... reduce the integrity of feathers, and could impair flight performance. We trained wild western sandpipers ( Calidris mauri ) to perform endurance flights in a wind tunnel, and used magnetic resonance body composition analysis to measure energy expenditure after birds were exposed to weathered MC252 crude...

... the aerodynamic performance of swept and extended wing postures of 13 raptor species in three families (Accipitridae, Falconidae and Strigidae) using a propeller model to emulate mid-downstroke of flapping during take-off and a wind tunnel to emulate gliding. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that (1...

... them to control their flight speed and glide angle. However, relatively little is known about how this flexibility affects aerodynamic drag. We measured the wake of a jackdaw ( Corvus monedula ) gliding in a wind tunnel, and computed the components of aerodynamic drag from the wake. We found...

... feathers P6–P10, and wingtip speed reached 16 m s −1 . Tests of a spread wing in a wind tunnel demonstrated that at a specific orientation, P6 and P7 flutter and produce sound. Wind tunnel tests on individual feathers P5–P10 from a male of each species revealed that while all of these feathers can produce...

.... , Borden   J. ( 2000 ). Investigations of mechanisms of pheromone communication disruption of Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) in a wind tunnel . J. Insect Behav.   13 , 499 - 510 . Geier   M. , Bosch   O. J. , Boeckh   J. ( 1999 ). Influence of odour plume structure on upwind flight...

... of flying animals. In order to examine these interactions, we trained seven hawkmoths ( Manduca sexta ) (wingspan ~9 cm) to fly and feed in a wind tunnel under steady flow (controls) and in the von Kármán vortex street of vertically oriented cylinders (two different cylinders with diameters of 10 and 5 cm...

... the underlying mechanics of flutter and sound production of a series of different feathers in a wind tunnel. All feathers tested were capable of fluttering at frequencies varying from 0.3 to 10 kHz. At low airspeeds ( U air ) feather flutter was highly damped, but at a threshold airspeed ( U *) the feathers...

... frequencies. We investigated how mode of flutter varied among a sample of hummingbird tail feathers tested in a wind tunnel. Feather vibration was measured directly at ~100 points across the surface of the feather with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV), as a function of airspeed, U air . Most...

... test whether flight is affected when long-distance migrants are mounting an immune response and whether migrants maintain immune defences during a flight in a wind tunnel. We measured five indicators of innate immunity in ‘flown-healthy’ birds (flying in a wind tunnel without mounting an immune...

..., such as migratory flight, and mounting an immune response. We experimentally tested this prediction by studying immune function in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris , flown in a wind tunnel. Specifically, we predicted that constitutive immune function decreases in response to training and, additionally...

...P. Henningsson; A. Hedenström SUMMARY Gliding flight performance and wake topology of a common swift ( Apus apus L.) were examined in a wind tunnel at speeds between 7 and 11 m s –1 . The tunnel was tilted to simulate descending flight at different sink speeds. The swift varied its wingspan, wing...

... kinematics of bats, Glossophaga soricina, flying in a wind tunnel over a range of flight speeds (1–7 m s −1 ) was determined from high-speed video. The results were compared with the wake geometry and quantitative wake measurements obtained simultaneously to the kinematics. The wingbeat kinematics varied...

... wind tunnel, locomotion and anatomical range of motion data to identify functional parameters of the cambered minke whale flipper. A full-sized cast of a minke whale flipper was used in wind tunnel testing of lift, drag and stall behavior at six speeds, corresponding to swimming speeds of 0.7–8.9 m s...

...P. Henningsson; G. R. Spedding; A. Hedenström SUMMARY In this paper we describe the flight characteristics of a swift ( Apus apus ) in cruising flight at three different flight speeds (8.0, 8.4 and 9.2 m s –1 ) in a low turbulence wind tunnel. The wingbeat kinematics were recorded by high-speed...

... 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 optic flow wind tunnel Apis mellifera honey bee ground speed As a flying insect moves through space, the image of the visual panorama moves across the retina, creating a pattern of `optic flow': the higher the ground speed...

... temperature than unexposed ones because less infrared energy is received from the sky than from the surfaces that are isothermic to air. To investigate the significance of this effect for heat dissipation during nocturnal flight in birds, we built a wind tunnel with the facility to control wall temperature...