... forms, e.g., cycling, the relationship between metabolic rate ( MR ) and mechanical power output during exercise is linear and unique. Such linearity is not seen for walking. We investigated if total muscle power ( P tot ), i.e., power required for the inverted pendulum motion in walking plus power...

...Negin Fallah; Owen N. Beck ABSTRACT Older adults walk using their hips relatively more and their ankles relatively less than young adults. This ‘distal-to-proximal redistribution’ in leg joint mechanics is thought to drive the age-related increase in metabolic rate during walking. However, many...

... capabilities and importance for walking and running. Torque–angle data were twice collected from nine healthy individuals (6 males, 3 females; 28±5 years) using supramaximal transcutaneous electrical stimuli applied at two tibial nerve sites to distinguish between muscle-driven and passive toe-flexion torque...

... in all average walking speeds ( Clifton et al., 2020 ). This dramatic shift likely corresponds to seasonality within Argentine ant colonies ( Markin, 1970 ), with changes in caste composition and activity. In fact, many animals demonstrate behavioral and physiological changes across time, at both shorter...

... walking on flat terrain excitingly point to key features in inter-leg coordination patterns that seem to be ‘universally’ shared across panarthropods. However, when movement through more complex, naturalistic terrain is considered, variability in coordination patterns – from the intra-individual to inter...

... locomotion. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive locomotion analysis along gradients in both body size and walking speed of Camponotus fellah worker subcastes, and of males, which have rarely been studied to date because of their short life spans associated with mating flights. We provide a detailed...

... ants. Pattern electroretinography Flying Walking Bull ants Honeybees Contrast sensitivity Spatial resolving power Australian Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000923 DP150101172 Future Fellowship FT140100221 Hermon Slade Foundation...

... >0.999), than females. For all elephants, estimated RFM ( r =0.45, P =0.004) was positively correlated with insulin. Distance walked was negatively correlated with age ( r =−0.46, P =0.007). When adjusted for FFM and age ( P <0.001), non-cycling females had less fat compared with cycling females...

...Giovanni A. Cavagna; Mario A. Legramandi ABSTRACT It is known that mechanical work to sustain walking is reduced, owing to a transfer of gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy, as in a pendulum. The factors affecting this transfer are unclear. In particular, the phase relationship...

... locomotor demands. Thirteen healthy adults walked across a range of speeds (0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0 m s −1 ) and slopes (0 deg, +5 deg, +10 deg) to determine whether hip, knee and ankle joints and their extensors and flexors altered their mechanical function in response to increased speed and slope. As walking...

...Sarah N. Fickey; Michael G. Browne; Jason R. Franz ABSTRACT The plantarflexor muscles are critical for forward propulsion and leg swing initiation during the push-off phase of walking, serving to modulate step length and walking speed. However, reduced ankle power output is common in aging and gait...

... their hindlimbs for bipedal terrestrial locomotion, for at least some part of their life history. Here, we review the scaling of avian striding bipedal gaits to explore how body mass and leg morphology influence walking and running. We collate literature data from 21 species, spanning a 2500× range in body mass...

... the mechanical work done during level walking in Nepalese porters while carrying different loads at several speeds. Our results show that the Nepalese porters do not use an equivalent mechanism as the African women to reduce work. In contrast, the Nepalese porters develop an equal amount of total mechanical work...

...Anthony G. Schache; Nicholas A. T. Brown; Marcus G. Pandy ABSTRACT We investigated how the human lower-limb joints modulate work and power during walking and running on level ground. Experimental data were recorded from seven participants for a broad range of steady-state locomotion speeds (walking...

... ). Mechanosensory feedback in walking: from joint control to locomotor patterns . Adv. In Insect Phys.   34 , 193 - 230 . Bußhardt   P. , Gorb   S. N. , Wolf   H. ( 2011 ). Activity of the claw retractor muscle in stick insects in wall and ceiling situations . J. Exp. Biol.   214 , 1676 - 1684...

...Daniel Kress; Martin Egelhaaf In contrast to flying flies, walking flies experience relatively strong rotational gaze shifts, even during overall straight phases of locomotion. These gaze shifts are caused by the walking apparatus and modulated by the stride frequency. Accordingly, even during...

... use position information from the anterior legs to control the touchdown position of the ipsilateral posterior legs. Here we addressed the question of whether not only the hindleg but also the middle leg performs targeting, and whether targeting is still present in a walking animal when influences...

... resolution 640×480) while walking across each substrate. Four cameras were focused on the central part of the substrate and one recorded an overview in dorsal view. Thus, the anatomical points of interest were visible in at least three of the four views during the whole sequence recorded. Cameras were...

..., is based on the study of several insect species, which differ greatly in size and mass. Each of these species tends to walk at a rather narrow range of speeds. We have addressed these issues by examining four strains of Drosophila , which are similar in size and mass, but tend to walk at different speed...

...Martyna Grabowska; Elzbieta Godlewska; Joachim Schmidt; Silvia Daun-Gruhn SUMMARY The analysis of inter-leg coordination in insect walking is generally a study of six-legged locomotion. For decades, the stick insect Carausius morosus has been instrumental for unravelling the rules and mechanisms...