... four oral lobes and eight trailing arms at the centre of their bell, giving them a body morphology quite unlike that of other free-swimming medusae. The implications of this body morphology on the mechanisms by which thrust is produced are unknown. Here, we determined the wake structure and propulsive...

... , E. G. and Lauder , G. V. ( 2000 ). A hydrodynamic analysis of fish swimming speed: wake structure and locomotor force in slow and fast labriform swimmers . J. Exp. Biol.   203 , 2379 - 2393 . Drucker , E. G. and Lauder , G. V. ( 2001 ). Locomotor function of the dorsal fin...

... drawn-out vortex structures. aerodynamics flapping wings wake structure The biomechanics of flying birds and insects plays a crucial role in the domain of aeronautics. In view of the complexity of wing-beat kinematics, numerical studies of bird aerodynamics are limited. This is also...

...Tatjana Y. Hubel; Daniel K. Riskin; Sharon M. Swartz; Kenneth S. Breuer SUMMARY We investigated the detailed kinematics and wake structure of lesser dog-faced fruit bats ( Cynopterus brachyotis ) flying in a wind tunnel. High speed recordings of the kinematics were conducted to obtain three...

[email protected] ) 8 9 2009 © 2010. 2010 fish swimming numerical simulations fluid–structure interaction anguilliform carangiform mackerel lamprey energetics wake structure self-propelled Fish that mainly use body/caudal fin (BCF) undulations for locomotion are classified...

... while viscous drag increases as St increases. Finally, our simulations reinforce our previous finding for carangiform swimmers that the 3-D wake structure depends primarily on the Strouhal number. The differences in body morphology and kinematics of anguilliform and carangiform swimmers should...

... with St is dominated by its form component variation, which is reduced by undulatory swimming for St >0.2. Finally, our simulations clarify the 3D structure of various wake patterns observed in experiments –single and double row vortices – and suggest that the wake structure depends primarily on the St...

...-mail: [email protected] ) 5 7 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 undulatory swimming burst and coast C-start wake structure particle image velocimetry DPIV fish larvae Danio rerio Many organisms, ranging in size from sperm cells to whales, swim...

...-mail: [email protected] 10 6 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 eel Anguilla rostrata wake structure particle image velocimetry fish fluid dynamics efficiency swimming speed kinematics For most of the past century, fish swimming studies have focused...

... ) swimming steadily at 1.4 L s -1 and compare them with previous results from other fishes. We performed high-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) to quantify the wake structure, measure the swimming efficiency, and force and power output. The wake consists of jets of fluid that point almost directly...

... (e-mail: [email protected] ) 21 3 2003 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 insect flight flapping flight wake structure insect aerodynamics DPIV digital particle image velocimetry flow visualization Constructing an aerodynamic explanation...

... foraging drag shape function kinematics wake structure feeding jet propulsion jellyfish swimming. Jet propulsion has commonly been described as the principal thrust-generating mechanism underlying swimming by planktonic medusae ( Brusca and Brusca, 1990 ; Denny, 1993 ; Vogel, 1994...

... a burst-and-coast swimming style. * Author for correspondence and present address: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK (e-mail: [email protected] ) 08 10 1999 22 12 1999 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 flow wake...

..., UK (e-mail: [email protected] ). 18 8 1997 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 swimming locomotion flow field wake structure particle image velocimetry mullet Chelon labrosus A swimming fish produces thrust by adding momentum to the water. Many species...