... four oral lobes and eight trailing arms at the centre of their bell, giving them a body morphology quite unlike that of other free-swimming medusae. The implications of this body morphology on the mechanisms by which thrust is produced are unknown. Here, we determined the wake structure and propulsive...

... http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Bluegill sunfish accelerate primarily by increasing the total amount of force produced in each tail beat but not by substantially redirecting forces. Locomotion Unsteady swimming Particle image velocimetry Wake structure...

... drawn-out vortex structures. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 2 9 2010 © 2010. 2010 aerodynamics flapping wings wake structure The biomechanics of flying birds and insects plays a crucial role in the domain of aeronautics. In view of the complexity...

...Tatjana Y. Hubel; Daniel K. Riskin; Sharon M. Swartz; Kenneth S. Breuer SUMMARY We investigated the detailed kinematics and wake structure of lesser dog-faced fruit bats ( Cynopterus brachyotis ) flying in a wind tunnel. High speed recordings of the kinematics were conducted to obtain three...

[email protected] ) 8 9 2009 © 2010. 2010 fish swimming numerical simulations fluid–structure interaction anguilliform carangiform mackerel lamprey energetics wake structure self-propelled Fish that mainly use body/caudal fin (BCF) undulations for locomotion are classified...

... while viscous drag increases as St increases. Finally, our simulations reinforce our previous finding for carangiform swimmers that the 3-D wake structure depends primarily on the Strouhal number. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 15 11 2008 © The Company...

... with St is dominated by its form component variation, which is reduced by undulatory swimming for St >0.2. Finally, our simulations clarify the 3D structure of various wake patterns observed in experiments –single and double row vortices – and suggest that the wake structure depends primarily on the St...

... of the intermediate flow regime manifest as a thick boundary layer and in the quick dying-off of the larval wake within less than half a second. undulatory swimming burst and coast C-start wake structure particle image velocimetry DPIV fish larvae Danio rerio Many organisms, ranging in size from...

... if the power coefficient remained constant over the speed range examined. e-mail: [email protected] 10 6 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 eel Anguilla rostrata wake structure particle image velocimetry fish fluid dynamics efficiency swimming speed...

... ) swimming steadily at 1.4 L s -1 and compare them with previous results from other fishes. We performed high-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) to quantify the wake structure, measure the swimming efficiency, and force and power output. The wake consists of jets of fluid that point almost directly...

... flight wake structure insect aerodynamics DPIV digital particle image velocimetry flow visualization Constructing an aerodynamic explanation for the forces generated during the flapping flight of insects is an important challenge in the study of both animal locomotion and fluid mechanics...

... foraging drag shape function kinematics wake structure feeding jet propulsion jellyfish swimming. Jet propulsion has commonly been described as the principal thrust-generating mechanism underlying swimming by planktonic medusae ( Brusca and Brusca, 1990 ; Denny, 1993 ; Vogel, 1994...

... a burst-and-coast swimming style. * Author for correspondence and present address: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK (e-mail: [email protected] ) 08 10 1999 22 12 1999 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 flow wake...

... in to fish swimming waves: body form, swimming mode and muscle function . J. exp. Biol. 198 , 1629 – 1636 . swimming locomotion flow field wake structure particle image velocimetry mullet Chelon labrosus A swimming fish produces thrust by adding momentum to the water. Many...