... the interaction between the counter-rotating stopping (from the preceding contraction cycle) and starting vortices, creating a vortex superstructure and propulsion. This species is also able to utilise passive energy recapture, which increases the animal's swimming velocity towards the end of the bell expansion...

... and orientation in squid, resulting in the production of different vortex wake flows. Cephalopod Vorticity Fins Flapping Undulation Proper orthogonal decomposition 3D velocimetry Squid swim, unlike most other nektonic animals, using a combination of coordinated pulsed jetting and fin movements...

..., vorticity and centripetal acceleration. Only flows rotating about a horizontal axis elicited the diving response observed previously for oyster larvae in turbulence. The results provide strong evidence that the turbulence-sensing mechanism relies on gravity-detecting organs (statocysts) rather than...

... separates and forms a series of clockwise-rotating vortices. At ∼27 cm s -1 on rocks, this circulation generates negative lift forces equal to -0.000125 mN. The magnitude of the force is small, amounting to only ∼1% of the mass of an adult E. tetrazonum when the fish is underwater. Thus, although...

... to represent a model analogous to transitional adaptive states during the evolution of powered avian flight. To begin to reveal the aerodynamics of flap-running, we used digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) and measured air velocity, vorticity, circulation and added mass in the wake of chukar partridge...

... 9JT, UK (e-mail: [email protected] ) 21 09 1999 16 11 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 bird bat flight aerodynamics power vorticity wingbeat kinematics gait efficiency thermography Experimental tests for the existence of constraints...