... and spinal cord to muscles that perform behaviors. However, studies across phyla indicate that motor neurons also contribute to the function of pattern-generating circuits. CPG Behavior Circuit Collateral Locomotion Vocalization Feeding Behaviors are produced by contractions of muscles...

...D. Reby; M. T. Wyman; R. Frey; B. D. Charlton; J. P. Dalmont; J. Gilbert ABSTRACT Males of several species of deer have a descended and mobile larynx, resulting in an unusually long vocal tract, which can be further extended by lowering the larynx during call production. Formant frequencies...

... of the hindbrain vocal circuit accompany call pattern divergence during speciation in African clawed frogs. Central pattern generator Vocalization Communication Xenopus Evolution Motor The complex temporal dynamics of motor patterns arise from finely tuned circuits in the central nervous...

...Elizabeth C. Leininger; Ken Kitayama; Darcy B. Kelley ABSTRACT Phylogenetic studies can reveal patterns of evolutionary change, including the gain or loss of elaborate courtship traits in males. Male African clawed frogs generally produce complex and rapid courtship vocalizations, whereas female...

.... wrote the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 21 1 2014 15 4 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Acoustic communication Audio-vocal integration Bat echolocation Lombard effect Signal masking...

...Eileen L. McIver; Margaret A. Marchaterre; Aaron N. Rice; Andrew H. Bass Toadfishes are among the best-known groups of sound-producing (vocal) fishes and include species commonly known as toadfish and midshipman. Although midshipman have been the subject of extensive investigation of the neural...

...Ni Y. Feng; Andrew H. Bass Melatonin is a well-documented time-keeping hormone that can entrain an individual's physiology and behavior to the day–night cycle, though surprisingly little is known about its influence on the neural basis of social behavior, including vocalization. Male midshipman...

...Christian Brandt; Jens Malmkvist; Rasmus L. Nielsen; Nanna Brande-Lavridsen; Annemarie Surlykke SUMMARY American mink ( Neovison vison ) kits are born altricial and fully dependent on maternal care, for which the kits' vocalizations appear essential. We used auditory brainstem responses (ABRs...

... for blind sand-dwelling chrysochlorid golden moles. Studying the vocal behaviour of captive piebald shrews, Diplomesodon pulchellum , we documented vibrations, apparently generated by the whole-body wall muscles, from 11 (5 male, 6 female) of 19 animals, placed singly on a drum membrane. The airborne waves...

...Sabyasachi Roy; Cory T. Miller; Dane Gottsch; Xiaoqin Wang SUMMARY The natural environment is inherently noisy with acoustic interferences. It is, therefore, beneficial for a species to modify its vocal production to effectively communicate in the presence of interfering noises. Non-human primates...

...Tine K. Rubow; Andrew H. Bass SUMMARY Seasonal and circadian rhythms control fundamental physiological processes including neural excitability and synaptic plasticity that can lead to the periodic modulation of motor behaviors like social vocalizations. Parental male midshipman fish produce three...

...Aaron N. Rice; Andrew H. Bass SUMMARY Toadfishes (Teleostei: Batrachoididae) are one of the best-studied groups for understanding vocal communication in fishes. However, sounds have only been recorded from a low proportion of taxa within the family. Here, we used quantitative bioacoustic...

... , 2212 -2221. Ladich, F. ( 1990 ). Vocalization during agonistic behavior in Cottus gobio (Cottidae): an acoustic threat display. Ethology 84 , 193 -201. Ladich, F. ( 2004 ). Sound production and acoustic communication. In The Senses of Fish (ed. G. von der Emde, J. Mogdans and B. G...

...Joseph A. Sisneros; Andrew H. Bass SUMMARY The auditory system of adult midshipman fish Porichthys notatus Girard is an important sensory receiver system used during intraspecific social communication to encode conspecific vocalizations, but the response properties and function of this system...

... in the family Ranidae. Trunk-muscle mitochondrial volume, V V (mt,f), was proportionally higher in species with higher mean calling rates (number of notes per hour), irrespective of the familial affinity of a species and the thermal environment in which it vocalized. Trunk-muscle capillary length density, J V...

... 1999 work loop external oblique muscle frequency sawtooth length trajectory power output vocalization force–velocity twitch contractile properties tree frog Hyla chrysoscelis Hyla versicolor Sound-producing muscles can provide a suitable model to study the limits of power...

...Mechteld R. Ballintijn; Carel Ten Cate ABSTRACT The mechanism of sound production in the collared dove Streptopelia decaocto was studied to test the validity of the ‘whistle’ model and to analyze the role of vocal tract resonances. In this study, the vocalizations of six male adult doves were...

... vocalization sound production Sound-producing muscles are among the fastest known skeletal muscles in animals; e.g. the swimbladder muscles in toadfish ( Opsanus tau ) and in plainfin midshipman ( Porichthys notatus ), the tymbal muscles in the cicada ( Okanagana vanduzeei ), the shaker muscles...

...Franz Goller; Ole Næsbye Larsen ABSTRACT The in situ biomechanics of the vocal organ, the syrinx, was studied in anesthetized pigeons using fiberoptic instruments. The role of syringeal muscles was determined by electrical stimulation, and phonation was induced by injecting gas...

...Blinda E. Mcclelland; Walter Wilczynski; Michael J. Ryan ABSTRACT We investigated the relationships among spectral and temporal advertisement-call characteristics and the sizes of the laryngeal and ear components thought to underlie the generation and reception of species-specific vocalizations...