...Isaac J. Yeaton; Shane D. Ross; John J. Socha ABSTRACT Flying snakes (genus Chrysopelea ) glide without the use of wings. Instead, they splay their ribs and undulate through the air. A snake's ability to glide depends on how well its morphing wing-body produces lift and drag forces. However...

... State Reserve, CA, USA. The seals moved using a series of rhythmic undulations produced by dorsoventral spinal flexion. The traveling spinal wave moved anteriorly along the dorsal margin of the body with the chest, pelvic region and foreflippers serving as the main points of contact with the ground...

... Neveln , I. D. , Bale , R. , Bhalla , A. P. S. , Curet , O. M. , Patankar , N. A. and MacIver , M. A. ( 2014 ). Undulating fins produce off-axis thrust and flow structures . J. Exp. Biol.   217 , 201 - 213 . 10.1242/jeb.091520 O'Dor , R. K. ( 1988 ). The forces...

...Erin L. Blevins; George V. Lauder SUMMARY Rajiform locomotion in fishes is dominated by distinctive undulations of expanded pectoral fins. Unlike other fishes, which typically interact with the fluid environment via multiple fins, undulating rays modulate a single control surface, the pectoral disc...

... the lateral excursion of undulation when swimming at slow speed (4.5 cm s −1 ). Therefore, the lateral line system appears to provide sensory input to the motor control of the lateral amplitude. Such a control system could allow undulatory swimming to rapidly respond to changes in ambient flow...

... , and Nipper , K. S. ( 1996 ). The importance of body stiffness in undulatory propulsion . Am. Zool. (in press) . Mchenry , M. J. , Pell , C. A. and Long , J. H. , Jr ( 1995 ). Mechanical control of swimming speed: stiffness and axial wave form in undulating fish models . J. exp...

... prediction: in order to change the speed of its propulsive wave, an undulatory swimmer must change the flexural stiffness of its body. * Author for correspondence. 14 07 1995 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 stiffness undulation speed mechanical modeling swimming fish...