... artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF). For recordings of visual responses, an LED was flashed onto retinal eyecups while evoked potentials were recorded from the retina or the optic tectum. For recordings of auditory responses, a piezomotor-controlled glass actuator displaced the tympanic membrane while...

...Y. L. Werner; J. Pylka; H. Schneider; M. Seifan; W. Walkowiak; U. Werner-Reiss SUMMARY The dimorphic ear of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana , has long been enigmatic. The male's tympanic membrane (TM) area approximates twice the area of the female's; however, similar size differences in the area...

...Peter M. Narins; Edwin R. Lewis; Alejandro P. Purgue; Phillip J. Bishop; Leslie R. Minter; Dwight P. Lawson ABSTRACT During the breeding season, each tympanic membrane of males of the Old World treefrog Petropedetes parkeri is decorated with a single, prominent, fleshy tympanic papilla...

... the responsiveness of the peripheral auditory system of the cricket (acoustic spiracle, tympanic membrane and tympanic nerve) during pharmacologically induced sonorous (two-winged) and silent (one-winged) stridulation. The acoustic spiracles remained open during stridulation, so the self-generated auditory signal...