... the manuscript, and R.S.F. and R.J.F. drafted and revised the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 6 6 2013 19 9 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Gecko Adhesion Friction Tribology Contact mechanics...

... with wax crystals. * Author for correspondence ( werner@bio2.rwth-aachen.de ) 6 12 2009 © 2010. 2010 Nepenthes slippery surface tribology plant–insect interaction carnivorous plants attachment focused ion beam atomic force microscopy Plants of the carnivorous...

... when legs have to push laterally or away from the body. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: wf222@cam.ac.uk ) 19 3 2009 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2009 2009 adhesion biomechanics locomotion tribology Many insects, spiders and lizards employ a fibrillar...

... atomic force microscopy effective elastic modulus tribology The study of animal adhesion, for many years a relatively neglected area of research, has recently undergone a resurgence of interest. This is partly because of the promise of practical applications arising from the research– animal...

... tribology Many arthropods and vertebrates possess tarsal attachment systems, which broadly divide into two principal groups, namely hairy (fibrillar) and smooth adhesive pads ( Scherge and Gorb,2001 ). Fibrillar adhesive systems have recently attracted much attention from the engineering...

...-mail: patek@berkeley.edu ) * Both authors contributed equally to this work 6 8 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 friction coefficient sliding static sound bioacoustics lobsters Palinuridae Panulirus interruptus stick slip tribology Stick–slip...

... in climbing geckos that does not depend on toe peeling. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: autumn@lclark.edu ) 11 8 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 gecko adhesion friction tribology contact mechanics biomechanics robotic Tokay gecko feet have five...