...Jon F. Harrison; Evan K. G. McKenzie; Stav Talal; John J. Socha; Mark W. Westneat; Philip G. D. Matthews ABSTRACT Air sacs are a well-known aspect of insect tracheal systems, but have received little research attention. In this Commentary, we suggest that the study of the distribution and function...

...Stav Talal; Amir Ayali; Eran Gefen ABSTRACT Large insects actively ventilate their tracheal system even at rest, using abdominal pumping movements, which are controlled by a central pattern generator (CPG) in the thoracic ganglia. We studied the effects of respiratory gases on the ventilatory...

... ventilation motor patterns that could explain the mechanistic basis of discontinuous gas exchange cycles in locusts. Tracheal system Insects Active ventilation Spiracles Electromyogram Central pattern generator Discontinuous gas exchange (DGE) has been the most studied gas exchange pattern...

... tubes of the tracheal system. This study measured maximum flight metabolic rate (FMR) during tethered flight in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria under varying oxygen partial pressure ( P O 2 ) in background gas mixtures of nitrogen (N 2 ), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) and helium (He), to vary O 2...

... to the gas-filled tracheal system through spiracles on the cuticle. Here, we measure P O 2 of the water and within the plastron gas with O 2 -sensing fibre optics to understand the effectiveness and limitations of the gas exchanger. The difference in P O 2 is highest in stagnant water and decreases...

... muscle and only 1.6×10 9 ±1.4×10 8 μm 3 g −1 in the hopping muscles. Therefore, symmorphosis is upheld in the design of the tracheal system, but not in relation to the amount of mitochondria, which might be due to other factors operating at the molecular level. REFERENCES Albrecht   F. O...

..., velocity and the duration of heartbeat periods were determined by thermistor and electrophysiological measurements. For the first time, heartbeat-induced pressure changes were measured in the hemocoel and in the tracheal system of the thorax and the abdomen. The tracheal pressure changed from sub...

... stereology symmorphosis tracheal system Since its conception, symmorphosis has received the support of a number of workers who view the optimal design idea as a useful null hypothesis of biological design on which to base analytical studies ( Diamond, 1992 ; Suarez, 1996 ). Where these simple...

...} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[\ P_{\mathrm{c}}=2S{\ }\mathrm{cos}{\theta}{/}R,\] \end{document} which is essentially Eqn 2 with cavitation-specific terms omitted. Early in embryonic development, the tracheal system was invisible...

... of a well-developed tracheal system on the metabolism during physical exercise was examined. The CO 2 release in intact animals increased with the running speed in both species. The costs of transport (COT)running at the maximal sustainable speed were nearly twice as big in M. muscosa as in P. lugubris...

...Anke Schmitz; Steven F. Perry SUMMARY In jumping spiders, both the book lungs and the tracheal system are well-developed. The tracheal system consists of four thick primary tracheae that branch into small secondary tracheae, some of them ending in the opisthosoma and others entering the prosoma. We...

... ventilation. The rise in tracheal conductance in response to hypoxia may reflect the removal of fluid from the tracheoles described by Wigglesworth. The low critical of quiescent insects can be attributed (1) to their relatively low resting metabolic rates, (2) to the possession of tracheal systems adapted...