... compliance measurements. For spontaneous breaths, was lower when walruses were lying down (e.g. expiration: 7.1±1.2 l s −1 ) as compared with in water (9.9±1.4 l s −1 ), while tidal volume ( V T , 11.5±4.6 l), breath duration (4.6±1.4 s) and respiratory frequency (7.6±2.2 breaths min −1 ) remained the same...

...Andreas Fahlman; Micah Brodsky; Stefan Miedler; Sophie Dennison; Marina Ivančić; Gregg Levine; Julie Rocho-Levine; Mercy Manley; Joan Rocabert; Alicia Borque-Espinosa ABSTRACT We measured respiratory flow ( V̇ ), breathing frequency ( f R ), tidal volume ( V T ), breath duration and end-expired O 2...

.... Compliance Marine mammal Lung function Respiratory flow Tidal volume Residual volume Total lung capacity Respiratory frequency Alveolar collapse In 1940, Per Scholander published his 131-page-long monograph on cardiorespiratory function in marine mammals and birds. In his treatise, he...

... penguins were also fitted with masks for determining rates of air flow during breathing. During periods of higher gas exchange requirement, Humboldt penguins opened their beaks during inspiration, where tidal volume was linearly correlated with both change in beak angle and maximum beak angle, closed them...

... ; Butler, Milsom & Woakes, 1984 ; Silver & Jackson, 1985 ; Milsom & Chan, 1986 ). Use of this method in our laboratory, however, has revealed several potential sources of error in the normal procedures used for calibrating this system for the measurement of tidal volume (VT). In the present...