..., Balaenoptera edeni ; sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis ; Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis ; humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae ; and blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus ). We found that mass-specific thrust increased with both swimming speed and body size. Froude efficiency, defined...

... fields and distributions of thrust and drag along the body. Lampreys initiated acceleration from rest with the formation of a high-amplitude body bend at approximately one-quarter body length posterior to the head. This deep body bend produced two high-pressure regions from which the majority of thrust...

... aerodynamic trace. Diamond doves, with a wingtip-reversal upstroke, exhibit a clap and peel during the upstroke–downstroke transition that generates a shed vortex with measurable induced velocity added to the wake in a way that suggests thrust production that should help the bird progress on a forward path...

... in length. Animals at this scale generally operate within the regime of intermediate Reynolds numbers, where both viscous and inertial fluid forces have the potential to play a role in propulsion. The present study aimed to resolve which forces create thrust and drag in the paddling of the water boatman...

...Carla M. Pereira; David T. Booth; Colin J. Limpus SUMMARY Swimming effort of hatchling sea turtles varies across species. In this study we analysed how swim thrust is produced in terms of power stroke rate, mean maximum thrust per power stroke and percentage of time spent power stroking throughout...

... parameter in the relationship between vortex formation and thrust generation. Our results indicate that spanwise flow behind the paddling propulsor significantly affects tip vortex development and thrust generation. The distribution of spanwise flow is dependent on the propulsor shape and the Reynolds...

...William J. Stewart; Ian K. Bartol; Paul S. Krueger SUMMARY Although the pulsed jet is often considered the foundation of a squid's locomotive system, the lateral fins also probably play an important role in swimming, potentially providing thrust, lift and dynamic stability as needed. Fin morphology...

...B. Ahlborn; S. Chapman; R. Stafford; R. W. Blake; D. G. Harper ABSTRACT Measurements of the thrust and forward impulse of a simulated fish tail and mathematical modeling indicate that the propulsive forces of fast-start swimming can be optimized by three different effects: (i) exactly inverting...

... predators. 21 9 1995 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 force perch leg thrust take-off landing scaling repeatability predation birds common starling flight One method of determining the forces acting on skeletons and the muscular power output during terrestrial...

... of sequence 1 (see preceding paper). Positive thrust is generated primarily during the initial stages of extension (power stroke) because of unsteady (added mass) effects. Negative thrust occurs over the latter half of extension, despite the continued acceleration of the animal. Hindlimb interaction...

..., and the efficiency, thrust power and coefficient of thrust were calculated from unsteady wing theory. The propulsive efficiency was high at approximately 0·85. The thrust power increased curvilinearly with velocity. The drag coefficient ranged from 0·012 to 0·028 and was found to be 2·8–7·0 times higher than...

... on the body during the upstroke exceeds the drag in the course of the downstroke. The specific swimming speed or stride length of dolphins swimming at low speeds is about 0·9 body lengths per tail beat. 6 6 1985 © 1985 by Company of Biologists 1985 Dolphins swimming kinematics thrust...