.... Terrestrial locomotion Quadrupedal Limb posture Sprawled Slope Legged locomotion on land often requires animals to transition between level, incline and decline substrates. Graded substrates change the mechanical energy requirement of steady-state locomotion and animals must either perform more...

... the rising body centre of mass. Terrestrial locomotion Primates Locomotor mechanics Quadrupedal–bipedal transitions Papio anubis FWO-Flanders K803019N Research Council of the University of Antwerp BOF/SABBAT - IDnr.: 40504 CNRS-INEE Agence Nationale...

...Keegan Lutek; Kathleen L. Foster; Emily M. Standen ABSTRACT Amphibious fishes moving from water to land experience continuous changes in environmental forces. How these subtle changes impact behavioural transitions cannot be resolved by comparisons of aquatic and terrestrial locomotion. For example...

... al., 2000 ). To move across complex environments, animals often use and transition between multiple modes of locomotion ( Alexander, 2002 ; Dickinson et al., 2000 ; Li et al., 2015 ; Lock et al., 2013 ; Low et al., 2015 ). Most terrestrial locomotion studies have focused on how animals use...

... of stem tetrapods that were already terrestrial. The earliest tetrapods were likely aquatic, so salamanders that are not primarily terrestrial may yield more appropriate data for modeling the incipient stages of terrestrial locomotion. In the present study, locomotor biomechanics were quantified from semi...

... – results in a line of action closer to the sagittal plane. Deducing resultant forces from kinematics alone is speculative, but studies on substrate reaction forces exerted by turtles during terrestrial locomotion are very rare. Zani et al. (2005) illustrated the ground reaction forces for a walking trial...

...Gregory S. Sawicki; Benjamin D. Robertson; Emanuel Azizi; Thomas J. Roberts ABSTRACT A growing body of research on the mechanics and energetics of terrestrial locomotion has demonstrated that elastic elements acting in series with contracting muscle are critical components of sustained, stable...

... with differing body size and posture but similar skeletal shape show no difference in the cost of transport. Terrestrial locomotion Size Body mass Geometric similarity Energetics Body size has a significant influence on the morphology and metabolism of animals ( Schmidt-Nielsen, 1975 , 1984...

... for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 19 1 2012 9 8 2012 © 2012. 2012 X-ray videography birds kinematics terrestrial locomotion Analyses of how intralimb coordination during locomotion varies within and across different taxa are necessary for understanding...

... . Matson   J. ( 2010 ). Unfree spirit: NASA's Mars rover appears stuck for good . Sci. Am.   302 , 16 . Mazouchova   N. , Gravish   N. , Savu   A. , Goldman   D. I. ( 2010 ). Utilization of granular solidification during terrestrial locomotion of hatchling sea turtles . Biol...

... fragments. The present results underline the importance of biomechanical factors for the understanding of leaf-cutting ant foraging strategies. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 12 10 2011 © 2012. 2012 energetics terrestrial locomotion static stability load ant...

..., but at a slightly lower intensity, compared with bats in flight. These results suggest that M. tuberculata do not attempt to reduce the cost of terrestrial locomotion and call production through biomechanical linkage. They also suggest that the pattern of linkage seen when bats are in flight is not universal...

.... Biewener, A. A. ( 1989 ). Support in mammals:limb posture and muscle mechanics. Science 245 , 45 -48. Biewener, A. A. ( 1990 ). Biomechanics of mammalian terrestrial locomotion. Science 250 , 1097 -1103. Biewener, A. A. ( 2003 ). Animal Locomotion . Oxford: Oxford University Press...

...Herman Pontzer SUMMARY The energy cost of terrestrial locomotion has been linked to the muscle forces generated to support body weight and swing the limbs. The LiMb model predicts these forces, and hence locomotor cost, as a function of limb length and basic kinematic variables. Here, I test...

... that of the hindlimbs and the aerial phase is initiated by push-off with the forelimbs. In bounding terrestrial mammals the reverse is true ( Fig. 8A,B ). * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 22 2 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 terrestrial locomotion...

... ). The fact that N. tumidirostris did not attempt to crawl in our enclosure suggests that adults of this species may also be incapable of terrestrial locomotion. N. tumidirostris frequently alighted from the floor of our cage in a single jump, so terrestrial locomotion may not be necessary...

... in both environments. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 27 10 2003 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 newt salamander Taricha torosa kinematics terrestrial locomotion aquatic locomotion The view of tetrapod evolution typically...

... at the level of the internal angles. This is probably due to the differences in the morphology and configuration of their legs. * e-mail: [email protected] 27 4 2000 22 6 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 kinematics bipedal gait terrestrial locomotion black...

... of Biologists Limited 1994 insects Formicidae ants terrestrial locomotion load stability kinematics Walking arthropods change their gait patterns in response to internal and external constraints that alter stability and loading conditions. Experimental evidence for this hypothesis has been...

..., CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. 9 3 1994 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 insects Formicidae ants terrestrial locomotion scale effects body morphology body size kinematics In walking insects, the coordination patterns of the legs reflect to a large extent...