... membrane excitability and smooth muscle contractions in the rat ( Sousa et al., 2015 ; Sadraei et al., 2003 ). Many plant products affect animal behavior by targeting synapses; e.g. nicotine, opiates, tetrahydrocannabinol, cocaine and curare ( Pichersky and Lewinsohn, 2011 ). However, the effect...

... that are transmitted to the opposite medial giant axon through putative collateral synapses within the ganglia. Transmission across the medial-to-motor giant synapse is fast and resistant to fatigue, with synaptic delays equal to or less than those previously documented at the lateral-to-motor giant electrical synapse...

... or financial interests. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2015 Neuron GPCR Nerve net Synapse Evolution G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily among membrane bound proteins that control key physiological functions...

... a response to movement over another part. Electron microscopy demonstrates that the anatomical substrate for the selective response to approaching stimuli is present in all larval instars: small neuronal processes carrying information from the eye make synapses both onto LGMD dendrites and with each other...

... 9 2012 © 2013. 2013 aldicarb ageing insulin levamisole synapse Ageing is the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative disease and frailty. During ‘healthy ageing’ (characterized by functional decline below the threshold of disease) humans and other species exhibit cognitive...

... ( [email protected] ) 2 2 2010 © 2010. 2010 GABA Drosophila synapse transporter Two types of neurotransmitter transporters are required for the storage and recycling of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), and both are likely to contribute to the regulation of GABAergic...

...-mail: [email protected] ) Synapses have innate propensity to alter the efficacy of synaptic transmission between neurons. These changes in synaptic strength can occur rapidly through mechanisms such as long-term potentiation and depression(LTP/LTD) ( Malenka and Bear,2004 ; Lisman and Spruston,2005...

... apparently has only serotonergic synapses on its surface. Serotonergic and dopaminergic fibres on the acini have their release zones at a distance of ∼0.5 μm from the P-cells. Nerves between acinar lobules may serve as neurohaemal organs and contain abundant dopaminergic and few serotonergic release sites...

... of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 muscle troponin troponin-I troponin-T myofibrillar protein isoform innervation neuromuscular junction synapse crayfish lobster Crustacea Arthropoda Homarus americanus Procambarus clarkii. The claw and leg opener muscles in the crayfish and lobster...

...Francisco F. De-Miguel; Mariana Vargas-Caballero; Elizabeth García-Pérez SUMMARY We studied the spread of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) through electrical synapses in Retzius neurones of the leech Haementeria officinalis . The pair of Retzius neurones in each ganglion is coupled...

... in origin, towards the neuropil within the ganglion over time. * e-mail: [email protected] 4 3 1998 12 5 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 sensory axonal synapse synaptotagmin regeneration development autotomy crayfish Procambarus clarkii...

...-Division of Neurobiology, 611 Gould Simpson Building, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. 8 12 1995 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 motoneuron sensory neuron moth neuromuscular junction Manduca sexta synapse muscle proleg A major goal...

...Peter J. Simmons ABSTRACT The operation of the first synapse in the ocellar pathway of the locust Locusta migratoria has been studied by making simultaneous intracellular recordings from photoreceptors and large, second-order L-neurones. The transfer curve for the synapse, obtained by plotting...

... the position and morphology of this cell, designated right pedal dorsal 1 (RPeD1), are similar to those of LPeD1, it contains serotonin rather than dopamine. This neurone was found to synapse only on LPeD1, no other follower cells have so far been discovered. The connections between LPeD1 and RPeD1...

...H. L. Atwood; C. K. Govind ABSTRACT Adaptation of neural systems to altered activity and age often involves recruitment, inactivation or modification of synapses. Crustacean motor systems are amenable to experimental investigation of these processes. They possess large identifiable neurones...

.... This eliminates a role for target cell guidance, particularly in the adult leech. When an extra Retzius cell is implanted into cultured ganglia, synapses develop between the host and the implanted neurone. Such synapses generally show lower coupling ratios or PSP fluctuations. However, the specific electrical...

... of Biologists 1990 identified neurones synapse directionally selective motion detection visual system locust The processes in the visual system which underlie the detection of movement and form the basis of directional selectivity are of widespread significance. At the behavioural level...

...Jonathan M. Blagburn; David B Sattelle ABSTRACT The actions of lophotoxin on synaptic acetylcholine receptors were investigated, using the cholinergic synapse between the lateral filiform hair sensory neurone and giant interneurone 3 in the first-instar cockroach Periplaneta americana. Lophotoxin...

... the inhibitory neurone produced prolongation of the excitatory’ synaptic current because of a prolonged channel open time. When an excitatory axon is killed the remaining excitatory axon releases more transmitter. Over a period of 10 days, there is first a strengthening of existing synapses, then the appearance...

...Matthias Chiquet; John G. Nicholls ABSTRACT After injury, neurones in the central nervous system (CNS) of the leech regenerate with a high degree of specificity. The aim of our experiments has been to study the sequential steps involved in neurite growth and synapse formation using isolated...