...Helen Eachus; Soojin Ryu ABSTRACT Exposure to stress during early life may alter the developmental trajectory of an animal by a mechanism known as adaptive plasticity. For example, to enhance reproductive success in an adverse environment, it is known that animals accelerate their growth during...

... insecurity Uncertainty Metabolism Stress Cognition Adaptive National Institutes of Health R21 AA025172 Studies of developmental plasticity have the potential to inform one of the most important and complex issues faced by modern society: food insecurity. Food insecurity can roughly...

...Jessica G. Avalos; Elizabeth R. Piotrowski; Allison D. Northey; Daniel E. Crocker; Jane I. Khudyakov ABSTRACT Animals may limit the cost of stress responses during key life history stages such as breeding and molting by reducing tissue sensitivity to energy-mobilizing stress hormones (e.g. cortisol...

... prior to training had no effect on their ability to learn and form LTM. As shown here, while the combination of predator kairomones (i.e. CE) and social isolation may cause stress, the period in which the stressors are perceived – prior to the configural learning training procedure – is not a critical...

... sensitive to stressors, with sensitivity and resilience varying both within and among species, yet little is known about how stress affects the signaling that regulates reproductive physiology. Here, we provide the first description of the molecular response of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis...

... stimulates both Haversian remodeling and bone formation in rabbit mandibles, providing evidence that the number of daily load cycles influences bony responses in the skull. Osteon Strain Stress Microdamage Mastication Bone Mandible National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039...

...Kirsty J. MacLeod; Sinead English; Suvi K. Ruuskanen; Barbara Taborsky ABSTRACT The social environment is one of the primary sources of challenging stimuli that can induce a stress response in animals. It comprises both short-term and stable interactions among conspecifics (including unrelated...

... and highlight the role of stressful stimuli in forming memories. Furthermore, we focus on the increasing evidence that invertebrates display some forms of emotions, which provides new opportunities for unveiling the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interaction between stress, emotions...

... physiology and oxidative stress have been implicated as important mediators of life-history trade-offs. The goal of this investigation was to uncover the physiological mechanisms responsible for the enhanced trade-off between self-maintenance and offspring investment when an animal is exposed to stressful...

...Danielle Mack; Andrew Yevugah; Kenneth Renner; Brian D. Burrell ABSTRACT Noxious stimuli can elicit stress in animals that produce a variety of adaptations including changes in responses to nociceptive and non-nociceptive sensory input. One example is stress-induced analgesia that may be mediated...

... performance for the northern clingfish, commercial suction cups and three biomimetic suction cups with disc rims of varying compliance. We found that all cups stick better on stiffer substrates and worse on more compliant ones, as indicated by peak stress values. On compliant substrates, surface roughness had...

... tolerance after an aquaculture-related stressor. Smolts were given a 24 h seawater tolerance test before and after exposure to an acute handling/confinement stress. RNA-Seq followed by differential expression and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to quantify the transcriptional...

...) and 3.0 µm ( n =3 fibers total). Peak stress and steady-state stress were significantly greater ( P <0.0001) after stretching at 0.04 µm s −1 than at 0.015 µm s −1 . Furthermore, peak stresses and steady-state stresses increased non-linearly with fiber length ( P <0.0001). We conclude that active...

... Mathematical modeling Optimality models Phenotypic plasticity Stress National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 IOS 1557831 National Institutes of Health http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development...

.... However, in freshly collected outbred snails, the same heat stressor blocks LTM formation in ‘smart’ cognitive phenotype but not in average cognitive phenotype strains. Here, we hypothesize that (1) preventing the stress associated with the heat stressor before training allows LTM to form in the smart...

...Ulalume Hernández-Arciga; L. Gerardo Herrera M.; Mina Königsberg; Ricardo A. Valdez; José Juan Flores-Martínez; Marta C. Romano ABSTRACT One of the most common tools in conservation physiology is the assessment of environmental stress via glucocorticoid measurement. However, little is known of its...

...William A. Haney; Bushra Moussaoui; James A. Strother ABSTRACT Environmental stressors induce rapid physiological and behavioral shifts in vertebrate animals. However, the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for stress-induced changes in behavior are complex and not well understood. Similar...

... of thermoregulation can also be immense, yet our understanding of whether a stress response is sufficient to induce changes in thermoregulatory investment is limited. Using the black-capped chickadee as a model species, we tested a hypothesis that stress-induced changes in surface temperature ( T s ), a well...

... velocity and pennation angle change were greater during aquatic takeoffs than during terrestrial takeoffs because of the differences in knee motion. Nevertheless, we observed no significant differences in LG stress or work, but did see an increase in muscle power output during aquatic takeoffs. Because...

... of acute stress preceding a painful event can have an analgesic effect whereas the presence of chronic stress can result in hyperalgesia. While considerable research has been conducted on the ability of stress to modulate mammalian responses to pain, relatively little is known about fish...