... for species-recognition in many species. Although the evolution of species-specific pheromone blends is well described in many insects, very few vertebrate pheromones have been studied in a macro-evolutionary context. Here, we report a phylogenetic comparison of multi-component male odours that guide...

... olfactory bulb species specificity skin extract alarm substances pheromones fright reaction olfaction teleost Natural odors are complex stimuli containing a multitude of odorants. Yet,the majority of physiological studies of the vertebrate olfactory system used single or `pure' odorants...

... geranial neral androconia Pieridae courtship aphrodisiacs species specificity Male butterflies of many species emit scents, many of which are also perceptible to humans. Usually the scents are produced in scent glands and are emitted either from transformed scales, androconia, which can...