..., (3) song learning, (4) spatial memory and (5) pair-bonding and mate choice. This Review highlights how studies of brood parasites can lend a unique perspective to enduring neuroethological questions and describes the ways in which studying brood-parasitic species enhances our understanding...

..., and a test of spatial memory. To assess spatial memory, bees were trained to learn the location of a small sucrose feeder within an array of three landmarks. In tests, the feeder and one landmark were removed and the search behaviour of the bees was recorded. Performance of precocious and normal-aged...

... shape and intrinsic rhythm but also non-scalable rhythm components related to formation of the entire cell shape. Cell locomotion Scaling Self-organization Dimensional analysis Spatial memory Localization of locomotion machinery Traveling wave Biological scaling, referred...

.... and A.S. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 17 9 2014 2 11 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Echolocation Flight behavior Spatial memory Path planning Echolocating bats actively probe...

... suggests that predatory species should rely more on object memory than on spatial memory for finding food and that the opposite is true of frugivorous and nectivorous species. Specifically, we predicted that: (1) predatory bats would readily learn to associate shapes with palatable prey and (2) once bats...

...Jonathan R. Barchi; Jeffrey M. Knowles; James A. Simmons SUMMARY The big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus , uses echolocation for foraging and orientation. The limited operating range of biosonar implies that bats must rely upon spatial memory in familiar spaces with dimensions larger than a few meters...

...Ken Cheng SUMMARY Free flying honeybees were trained successively on two different tasks of landmark-based spatial memory. On both task 1 and task 2, the goal was at a consistent distance and direction from a cylindrical landmark. The colours of the landmarks differed for the two tasks. The target...

... ) 30 11 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 spatial memory orientation cognition foraging bats Many animals are able to relocate places they have previously visited. This ability requires what is collectively referred to as `spatial memory',although...

... not constitute hard evidence that birds are using landmarks independent of the map and compass system. Numerous lesion studies have demonstrated that the hippocampus plays a role in spatial memory of birds and mammals( O'Keefe and Nadel, 1978 ; Bingman et al., 1998 ). Several experiments by Bingman...

... is known about the spatial information encoded in memory by experienced bees, the development of large-scale spatial memory in naive bees is not clearly understood. Past studies suggest that learning occurs during orientation flights taken before the start of foraging. We investigated what honeybees learn...

...; (2) how bees learn the pattern of movement of the sun over the day; and (3) whether, and if so how, bees learn the relationships between celestial cues and landmarks. ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 spatial memory navigation bees cognitive maps orientation learning sun compass...

... representation of space spatial memory In navigating to a goal, animals have several mechanisms at their disposal. Some of these are now well understood. For example, sun compasses have been precisely elucidated, particularly in the case of honeybees and desert ants ( Wehner, 1989 , 1992 ). Animals can...

... landmark guidance spatial memory cognitive maps Unlike monarch butterflies ( Brower, 1996 ), bees, ants, wasps and other social hymenopterans do not travel seasonally over distances of thousands of kilometres. Nevertheless, on their day-to-day foraging trips they may leave their nesting site...