... in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. 3D flight pattern Learning flights Clutter Spatial learning Bumble bee ( Bombus terrestris ) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 431346812 Agence Nationale de la...

... and environmental enrichment on neural plasticity in guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ), by means of either a reversal-learning test or a spatial-learning test. Given considerable evidence supporting environmentally induced plastic alterations, two separate control groups that were not subjected to any cognitive test...

... the flowers. Eusocial insect Bee Spatial learning Sex-specific behaviour Navigation Foraging In many animal species, the two sexes, to some degree, know and learn about different things. In eusocial insects, like bees, the roles of females and males are quite distinct. In the bumblebee...

... to vertical information. Cephalopods Spatial learning Cognition Spatial perception Navigating in a three-dimensional (3D) space represents a more complex task than moving in a flat environment, mostly because the space to be represented is larger ( Jeffery et al., 2013 ). This is especially...

... in acidified water caused Al accumulation on the gills and impaired the spatial learning ability of smolting Atlantic salmon. The Acid-Al-exposed fish made more mistakes, indicating that acquisition of the task was inhibited, and had reduced neural plasticity indicators in their forebrain. Exposure to Al...

... vectors and to remember food sites, and the encoding of metric information for the use of local vector memories along segments of a habitual route. insect cognition navigation spatial learning inverse model 2009 16 12 2008 * Author for correspondence (e-mail: matthew.collett...

...Liisa A. M. Galea; Martin Kavaliers; Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp ABSTRACT A number of studies examining developmental, neural and hormonal aspects of sexually dimorphic spatial learning (Morris water-maze) in meadow voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus ) and deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) are described...