... elastic structures. In this study, we examined the functional roles of a major ankle extensor muscle, the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and a major knee extensor muscle, the vastus lateralis (VL), through in vivo sonomicrometry and electromyography techniques, during vertical jumping by kangaroo rats. Our...

.../ Summary: Similar to the patterns observed in larger animals, distal rat muscles favor economy and show limited fascicle strains across gaits and grades. Electromyography Work Gastrocnemius Plantaris Sonomicrometry Economy Skeletal muscles undergo time-varying force development...

... enhancement Pre-activation Fascicle length Sonomicrometry It is widely known that performance of dynamic movements is augmented by a counter-movement. This phenomenon is called the stretch–shortening cycle (SSC) ( Bosco et al., 1982 ; Komi, 2000 ). Specifically, muscle force (or mechanical work...

...Alexander W. Chen; Walter Herzog ABSTRACT Sonomicrometry is widely applied in biomechanics and physiology to measure precise distances with high temporal resolution. Although commonly used, its usefulness is often limited by the presence of artifacts that require correction. Unfortunately...

... and jaw kinematics and fascicle shortening in the CM, CH and CA quantified using sonomicrometry, with muscle activity and buccal pressure recorded simultaneously. Results from prey capture show that prior to jaw and hyoid depression the CH is actively lengthened by shortening of the in-series CA...

.... * Author for correspondence ( brandon.jackson@mso.umt.edu ) 5 4 2011 © 2011. 2011 wing-assisted incline running flight pectoralis electromyography sonomicrometry strain gauge stress strain work power The modulation of pectoralis power output in birds has only been...

... using electromyography (EMG, N =4 birds), and we measured changes in PECT length using sonomicrometry ( N =1). Differing markedly from the pattern in other birds, PECT deactivation occurred before the start of downstroke and the SUPRA was deactivated before the start of upstroke. The relative amplitude...

.... , Wainwright P. C. ( 2002 ). Use of sonomicrometry demonstrates the link between prey capture kinematics and suction pressure in largemouth bass . J. Exp. Biol. 205 , 3445 - 3457 . Schiaffino S. , Reggiani C. ( 1996 ). Molecular diversity of myofibrillar proteins: gene regulation...

...-spotted bamboo sharks, Chiloscyllium plagiosum and compared it with that in teleosts. The internal movement of cranial elements and pressure in the buccal, hyoid and pharyngeal cavities that are directly responsible for suction generation was quantified using sonomicrometry and pressure transducers...

..., sonomicrometry and tendon force buckles to quantify activation, length change and force patterns of both muscles, respectively. We show that the LG and MG exhibited an increase in force and stress with a change in gait and an increase in locomotor speed, but not with changes in incline. While the LG and MG...

... roof. This composite action clearly diverges drastically from the unidirectional prey shredding commonly hypothesised to result from basihyal kinesis during raking in previous studies. Thus, sonomicrometry will be particularly useful when investigating the functional differences in deep basihyal...

...Christopher T. Richards; Andrew A. Biewener SUMMARY The goal of this study is to explore how swimming animals produce the wide range of performance that is seen across their natural behaviors. In vivo recordings of plantaris longus muscle length change were obtained by sonomicrometry. Simultaneous...

... was measured while the animals stood quietly in a burlap sack and while the animals were anesthetized with limbs in approximately a midstance position. Both measurements of rest length were equal. The sonomicrometry signals were corrected for the offset error introduced by the faster speed of sound propagation...

... follows small amounts of initial stretching. And in horses, while the vastus strain trajectory is complex, it is characterized mainly by shortening during stance. In this study, we use sonomicrometry and electromyography to study the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris of goats,with three goals in mind...

... in fishes. The lateral hypaxial musculature (LHM) of salamanders is less anatomically complex and therefore a good system for exploring the basic mechanics of segmented musculature. Here, we derive a mathematical model of the LHM and test our model using sonomicrometry and electromyography during steady...

... was not the same as on the level( Dutto et al., 2004 ). * Author for correspondence (e-mail: sjwickler@csupomona.edu ) 22 12 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 Locomotion quadruped sonomicrometry muscle One tenet of the comparative physiology of locomotion...

... and vastus lateralis were measured with sonomicrometry and length changes of the muscle-tendon units were estimated from muscle architecture and joint kinematics for four horses trotting on a treadmill at nine speeds. Because the focus of this study was the relation between length changes of the muscle...

...Arya Soman; Tyson L. Hedrick; Andrew A. Biewener SUMMARY Regional fascicle strains were recorded in vivo from the pectoralis of carneau pigeons using sonomicrometry during level slow flight,together with regional electromyography (EMG) and deltopectoral crest (DPC)strain measurements of whole...

...Andrew M. Carroll SUMMARY Activation and strain in the sternohyoideus (SH) were measured in vivo in five largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides . The SH is thought to actuate lower jaw depression, hyoid depression and suspensorial abduction during suction feeding in teleost fish. Sonomicrometry...

... 2003 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 muscle strain phase work sonomicrometry gastrocnemius digital flexor guinea fowl Numida meleagris Animal limb function must meet the varying mechanical demands of locomotion. In addition to generating force to support body...