... ., smoltification) and following changes in environmental salinity. Smolts had higher transcript levels of CRF ligands than parr and this difference persisted following seawater transfer. Additionally, seawater transfer caused transient increases in transcription of urocortin 2 (UCN2) and CRFR2 (posterior intestine...

... smolts (i.e. smoltification) is associated with numerous changes in osmoregulatory systems while fish remain in FW ( Loretz et al., 1982 ; McCormick et al., 2013 ; Sundh et al., 2014 ). Many of these changes are hormonally mediated ( McCormick, 2013 ), and while several hormones are involved...

... by endocrine factors such as cortisol ( Johansen et al., 2011 ). Indeed, cortisol plays an important role during smoltification and a peak in this hormone during the parr–smolt transformation has been linked to the remodeling of several organs ( McCormick, 2012 ). Previous research has also indicated...

... of hypo-osmoregulatory ability in anadromous salmon. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 5 6 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 smoltification osmoregulation ion regulation cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Salmonid...

...Mark E. Deutschlander; Danielle K. Greaves; Theodore J. Haimberger; Craig W. Hawryshyn SUMMARY Ultraviolet visual sensitivity appears to be reduced and, possibly, lost during smoltification in anadromous populations of salmonid fishes. Similar changes occur in non-anadromous salmonids over a mass...

... of an isometric twitch and tetani. T 3 -treated fish demonstrated visible morphological changes associated with smoltification. Mean values of U crit were significantly decreased and the prolonged contraction (tetani) and twitch rates of contraction, relaxation and maximum force were significantly increased by T...

... or introduction to sea water of the salmon. Early in the smoltification process, the vitamin-A2-based visual pigment porphyropsin increased its dominance in the retinae, and radioimmunoassay of plasma indicated that T 3 levels were at a maximum prior to this increase in porphyropsin. As the parr–smolt...