... that of males and was less affected by changes in body size and hindfoot length compared to males. This study thus provides insights into how selective pressures might shape males and females differently and the functional implications of sexual dimorphism. * Author for correspondence: [email protected]...

... of developmental temperature on telomere length at hatching, there were subsequent effects on telomere maintenance capacity, with individuals incubated at warm temperatures exhibiting less telomere maintenance compared with cool-incubated individuals. Telomere dynamics were also sexually dimorphic, with females...

... of reproduction. However, males, which must mate to reproduce, sacrifice feeding to prioritize mate-searching behavior. Here, we demonstrate that these behavioral differences influence sexual dimorphism at the organelle level; young males raised on a rich food source show constitutive induction of gut tubular...

... this relationship is often confounded by multiple competing performance demands. Males and females experience different selection pressures on performance, and the consequent sexual conflict over performance expression can either constrain performance evolution or drive sexual dimorphism in both size and shape...

... of the species Drosophila melanogaster exhibit aggression in same-sex pairings, but the strategies used are sexually dimorphic. We have begun to explore the biological basis for the differing aggression strategies, and the cues promoting one form of aggression over the other. Here, we describe a line...

...; Sean M. Alexander; Kristin L. Charles; Zackary A. Graham; W. Owen McMillan; Jonathan B. Losos; Christian L. Cox ABSTRACT If fitness optima for a given trait differ between males and females in a population, sexual dimorphism may evolve. Sex-biased trait variation may affect patterns of habitat use...

... signaling but elevated TOR kinase activity, a manipulation known to reduce lifespan. We also identify a sexually dimorphic effect of larval hypoxia on adult nutrient storage and mobilization. Thus, we find that males, but not females, show elevated levels of lipids and glycogen. Moreover, we see that both...

... show that spontaneous colour preference in this species is sexually dimorphic, with males preferring both blue and yellow while females prefer yellow. With minimal training (two training sessions), both males and females learned to associate blue with reward, but females did not learn green...

...-regulated during the inactive state (in the morning). So far, most studies on sexual dimorphism in antennal gene expression have focused solely on olfaction-related genes ( Liu et al., 2016 ; McKenzie et al., 2016 ; Missbach et al., 2020 ) and have only used antennae collected at a single time...

... the breeding cycle in the three-spined stickleback may be the reason for varying estimates of sexual brain size dimorphism across studies of this species. Brain anatomy Courtship behaviour Paternal care Phenotypic plasticity Sexual dimorphism Gasterosteus aculeatus The evolution of brain...

... protein is low during development, males increase protein consumption despite this being detrimental to starvation resistance. The sexual dimorphism in foraging choice could be due to the different energetic requirements of males and females. To investigate the effect of developmental diet on lifespan...

... the sex of the jumping wasps (easily distinguishable because of the prominent sexual dimorphism; Fig. 1 C). We carried out two alternative filming approaches. First, the two cameras were positioned 1 m from the jumping insects and filmed at 3000 frames s −1 , providing a wide enough field of view to see...

... Nephila pilipes , which has the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism among terrestrial animals. We manipulated the mating history and the nutrient consumption of the females to examine whether they affect PMM. The results showed that female spiders under low nutrition were more likely to molt as adults...

...: Increased yolk testosterone concentration in yellow-legged gulls promotes body mass growth of embryos but reduces brain size. Moreover, sex differences in brain size exist among control embryos. Brain mass Embryo Growth Oxidative status Sexual dimorphism Larus michahellis Testosterone...

... combine correlational data with results from T and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) manipulations in both sexes to assess the role of T in mediating sexually dimorphic coloration and morphology in the red-backed fairy-wren ( Malurus melanocephalus ). We show that: (1) natural variation in female...

... and the former are sexually dimorphic in posture, with females having a more upright limb. Here, high-speed videography and morphological measurements were used to examine the walking gaits of leghorn chickens of the two varieties and sexes. Hindlimb skeletal elements were geometrically similar among the bird...

.... ( 2007 ). Balancing selection . Curr. Biol.   17 , R230 - R231 . 10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.012 Hedrick , A. V. and Temeles , E. J. ( 1989 ). The evolution of sexual dimorphism in animals: hypotheses and tests . Trends Ecol. Evol.   4 , 136 - 138 . 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90212-7...

... species-specific behaviors? The simplified male courtship songs of a frog, Xenopus borealis , reflect feminization of the larynx and its connection to the brain. Anuran Vocalization Sexual dimorphism Evolution Larynx Muscle In three species – X. boumbaensis , X. borealis and X...

... utilization and threshold need) of SR for both sexes. These findings indicate that multiple pathways shape the physiological basis of sexual dimorphism for SR in D. leontia . Further, single or multiple bouts of starvation hardening conferred an increased longevity (~4–9 h; P <0.001) under subsequent...

... interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 5 6 2013 5 12 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Lucanidae Sexual dimorphism Bite force Functional morphology Insect mandibles are often adapted into tools for various tasks: e.g...