... hosts, which are also used to discriminate between hosts and non-hosts, and A. vaga demonstrated a behavioural activity for 4-oxoisophorone. A high sensitivity to floral scents enables the specialized bees to effectively find flowers and it appears that A. vaga bees are highly tuned to 4-oxoisophorone...

... complex non-spherical shapes reminiscent of those described in other ocelli. Intracellular electrophysiology revealed that the photoreceptors have high absolute sensitivity, but that the threshold location varied widely between 10 9 and 10 11 photons cm –2 s –1 . Higher sensitivity and greater visual...

... and role as pollinators, much less is known about the other Apis species. We studied the anatomical spatial resolution and absolute sensitivity of the eyes of three sympatric species of Asian honeybees, Apis cerana , Apis florea and Apis dorsata and compared them with the eyes of A. mellifera...

..., have only around 30 times greater optical sensitivity than the eyes of their closest diurnal relatives, a fact that is apparently inconsistent with their remarkable nocturnal visual abilities. Moreover, signals generated in the photoreceptors, even though amplified by a high transduction gain, are too...

... of photoreceptors, they use one highly sensitive receptor, thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio. However, nocturnal moths and geckos can discriminate colours at extremely dim light intensities when humans are colour-blind, by sacrificing spatial and temporal rather than spectral resolution. The advantages...

... Gastropoda vision optics Ampularia sp sensitivity retina Gastropods display a very wide range of eye construction, from small open eyes filled with a jelly-like material to large and extremely well-developed camera-type eyes ( Zunke, 1978 ). Some of these have spherical graded-index lenses...

... 1992 eye gastropod sensitivity resolution optics Littorina littorea A well-developed camera-type (simple) eye is potentially a superb visual organ which, for the space it occupies, has the best information capacity of all optical designs. The presence of this kind of eye...