.... Emergent behavior Self-organization Decentralized coordination Collective behaviour Formicidae Summary: Crazy ants excel at cooperative transport despite wide load variation. Effects of load properties vary across transport challenges, and groups struggling to move large loads may find obstacle...

... with simple behaviors; if unsuccessful, they switch to robust behaviors that work for more difficult obstacles. Self-organization Emergent phenomena Formicidae Problem solving Decentralized coordination Swarm intelligence From multi-cellular organization to massive animal migrations...

... locomotion Scaling Self-organization Dimensional analysis Spatial memory Localization of locomotion machinery Traveling wave Summary: Allometric studies of Physarum polycepharum reveal the existence of not only scaling law in locomotion speed, cell shape and intrinsic rhythm but also non...

...Johan van de Koppel; Tjeerd J. Bouma; Peter M. J. Herman Summary Complexity theory proposes that spatial self-organization, the process whereby small-scale, localized interactions among the components of a system generate complex spatial structures at large spatial scales, explains the formation...

.... ( 2001 ). Self-Organization in Biological Systems . Princeton, Oxford : Princeton University Press . Chowdhury D. , Nishinari K. , Schadschneider A. ( 2004 ). Self-organized patterns and traffic flow in colonies of organisms: from bacteria and social insects to vertebrates...