... on predator–prey interactions and adaptive sonar behaviors used to negotiate complex natural scenes. Active sensing Ultrasound production Transmission and reception Hearing Auditory perception Scene analysis Predator–prey interactions National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org...

... of their surroundings. Ear movements Pinna movements Noseleaf movements Directionality Scene analysis Active sensing For orientation, animals face the challenge of exploring environments that are usually very complex. When an animal is navigating, movement additionally introduces dynamic changes...

... >90%,Chi-square). Thus, the results for on- and off-axis trials were pooled into one category: far behind. Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 4 12 2008 2009 echolocation bat active sensing directionality visual scanning scene analysis...