... changes in salinity and ionic concentrations. How does the olfactory system function in the face of such changes? The current study compared olfactory sensitivity in seawater- (35‰) and brackish water-adapted seabass (5‰) using extracellular multi-unit recording from the olfactory nerve. Seawater-adapted...

...Jamie K. Cochran; Catelyn Banks; David B. Buchwalter ABSTRACT All freshwater organisms are challenged to control their internal balance of water and ions in strongly hypotonic environments. We compared the influence of external salinity on the oxygen consumption rates ( Ṁ O 2 ) of three species...

... function across salinities, cardiac function after chasing to exhaustion was impaired, presumably as a consequence of atrioventricular block. Ligation reduced maximum O 2 consumption rate by 33% and 17% in fish acclimated to sea water and fresh water, respectively, which caused corresponding 41% and 17...

... in a dynamic environment may trade off with the capacity to deal with other stressors. This paper will explore studies on select fishes and invertebrates exposed to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH. We assess the physiological mechanisms these species employ to achieve homeostasis...

.... trossulus varies on a seasonal basis, along an intertidal shore-level gradient, and with changing salinity. Acclimation to increased salinity (30 ppt compared with 15 ppt) increased freeze tolerance, and mussels were significantly more freeze tolerant during the winter. Mussel freeze tolerance also...

... cortisol upregulates gill NKA, NKCC and H + -ATPase and plasma glucose in sturgeon; thus, cortisol is a key osmoregulatory and glucocorticoid hormone in chondrosteans. Acipenser oxyrinchus Osmoregulation Salinity Ionocyte Gill Na + /K + -ATPase Irrespective of their environmental...

.... Despite the potential benefits of increased mixing and transport of imbibed water for increasing the efficiency of absorptive processes, the effect of water salinity on intestinal motility in teleosts remains unexplored. By qualitatively and quantitatively describing in vivo intestinal motility...

...Casey A. Mueller; Eric Willis; Warren W. Burggren ABSTRACT A 3D conceptual framework of ‘critical windows’ was used to examine whether the morphometry of Artemia franciscana is altered by salinity exposure during certain key periods of development. Artemia franciscana were hatched at 20 ppt...

...Steffen S. Madsen; Joanna Bujak; Christian K. Tipsmark We investigated the salinity-dependent expression dynamics of seven aquaporin paralogs ( aqp1a, aqp3a, aqp7, aqp8ab, aqp10a, aqp10b and aqp11a ) in several tissues of euryhaline Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes ). All paralogs except aqp7...

... , as a case study. Consistent with the extreme environmental variation that they experience in their salt marsh habitats, killifish have substantial capacity for both short-term resistance and long-term plasticity in the face of changing temperature, salinity and oxygenation. There is inter-population...

...Sima Jonusaite; Scott P. Kelly; Andrew Donini SUMMARY A role for the rectum in the ionoregulatory homeostasis of larval Chironomus riparius was revealed by rearing animals in different saline environments and examining: (1) the spatial distribution and activity of keystone ionomotive enzymes Na...

... capacity of brackish waters, acidic inputs from freshwaters and land, and/or the negative effects of salinity on the physiology of organisms. We determined the interactive effects of 21 weeks of exposure to different levels of CO 2 (~395, 800 and 1500 μatm corresponding to pH of 8.2, 8.1 and 7.7...

... response of the sea bream ( Sparus aurata L.) to relevant changes of external salinity (12, 35 and 55 p.p.t.), focusing on the anterior intestine and in the less-often studied rectum. Intestinal water absorption, epithelial HCO 3 − secretion and gene expression of the main molecular mechanisms (SLC26a6...

..., including mollusks. In estuaries, exposure to elevated CO 2 levels often co-occurs with other stressors, such as reduced salinity, which enhances the acidification trend, affects ion and acid–base regulation of estuarine calcifiers and modifies their response to ocean acidification. We studied...

... control levels over time. Gill H + -ATPase activity increased by more than 45% 14 days after exposure to freshwater, whereas H + -ATPase mRNA levels were not affected by the salinity change. Within 4 days of freshwater exposure, gill Na + /K + -ATPase activity increased ∼43% over control levels, remaining...

...Leslie S. Babonis; Stephanie N. Miller; David H. Evans SUMMARY To understand renal responses to salinity change in aquatic reptiles, we examined the structure and function of the kidney in three species of snake: a marine species with a salt gland ( Laticauda semifasciata ), a marine species...

... to different environmental salinities alters levels of circulating melatonin in a number of fish species, including rainbow trout. However, nothing is known regarding salinity effects on melatonin synthesis in the pineal organ, which is the main source of rhythmically produced and secreted melatonin in blood...

... transparent and more conspicuous to predators. We tested this in the transparent grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio , which is found in shallow estuaries where both salinity and temperature change rapidly because of tidal cycles, evaporation and runoff. Animals originally kept at a salinity of 15 p.p.t...

...Zélia Velez; Peter C. Hubbard; Eduardo N. Barata; Adelino V. M. Canário SUMMARY The Senegalese sole is a marine flatfish, which often penetrates into estuarine waters to feed. It cannot, however, survive in full freshwater. The current study investigated the effect of adaptation to low salinity...

... targeting of the enzyme. In mammals,seven FXYD members have been found. FXYD proteins have been identified as the regulatory protein of NKA in mammals and elasmobranchs, it is thus interesting to examine the expression and functions of FXYD protein in the euryhaline teleosts with salinity-dependent changes...