... slug, and also shows the utility of β-arrestin as a molecular marker of optic nerves. Spatiotemporal resolution Lehmannia Optic nerve Rhodopsin Retina Gastropod Most metazoan animal species have eyes as a sensory organ specialized for the detection of ambient light. The evolution...

... of mysid crustaceans. Compound eye Visual adaptation Ecophysiology Rhodopsin Metarhodopsin Rhabdom Photoreceptors are susceptible to damage from the very functions they are designed to perform most efficiently: photon capture and signal amplification. Light absorption...

... ), and it appears that the rhodopsin gene at least may be widespread among colubrid snakes. However, functional evidence supporting transmutation beyond the existence of the rhodopsin gene remains rare. We examined the all-cone retina of another colubrid, Pituophis melanoleucus , thought to be more secretive...

... wavelength-sensitive photoreceptors (green, λ max ∼555 nm, and red, λ max ∼600 nm), which express the same LW opsin. The red cell's shifted sensitivity is probably due to perirhabdomal filtering pigments. Sexual dimorphism of the UV-absorbing rhodopsins may reflect the females' need to discriminate...

... and (in some species) photophores. Here, we present molecular evidence suggesting that cephalopod chromatophores – small dermal pigmentary organs that reflect various colors of light – are photosensitive. RT-PCR revealed the presence of transcripts encoding rhodopsin and retinochrome within the retinas...

... 90089, USA 11 11 2011 10 4 2012 © 2012. 2012 rhodopsin porphyropsin photoreceptor visual ecology The absorptance spectrum of a visual pigment describes how efficiently it catches photons of different energies (light of different wavelengths) to initiate vision...

... trichromatic vision. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 22 9 2010 © 2010. 2010 color vision photoreceptor visual pigment rhodopsin Uca pugilator fiddler crab Animal coloration has long been implicated in intraspecific signaling ( Darwin, 1871...

... ). The grouping of fish visual pigments about preferred positions in the spectrum. Vision Res. 5 , 223 -238. Bridges, C. D. B. and Yoshikami, S. ( 1970 ). The rhodopsin-porphyropsin system in freshwater fishes. 2. Turnover and interconversion of visual pigment prosthetic groups in light and darkness:role...

.... Vision Res. 11 , 1077 -1112. Allen, D. M. ( 1977 ). Measurements of serum thyroxine and the proportions of rhodopsin and porphyropsin in rainbow trout. Can. J. Zool. 55 , 836 -842. Allen, D. M. and McFarland, W. N. ( 1973 ). The effect of temperature on rhodopsin-porphyropsin ratios...

... 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 eye evolution color vision photoreceptor rhodopsin visual pigment opsin sexual dimorphism The butterfly eye is a marvel of evolution. Butterfly vision, like that of other insects, is based on three major classes...

... histologically characterized UV-sensitive photoreceptor cells that contain a unique non-visual UV pigment, lamprey parapinopsin, in order to elucidate the neural network that is associated with antagonistic chromatic responses. These characteristics were compared with those of lamprey rhodopsin-containing cells...

.... In the fruit fly, Drosophila , R1–6 express the same rhodopsin (Rh1),whilst the R7 and R8 of a given ommatidium express either Rh3 and Rh5, or Rh4 and Rh6, respectively. We have studied whether this expression pattern of rhodopsins is conserved in the blowfly Calliphora vicina . We have cloned three novel...

...Adriana D. Briscoe; Gary D. Bernard SUMMARY Spectral tuning of rhodopsins commonly refers to the effects of opsin amino acid substitutions on the wavelength for peak sensitivity of the rhodopsin absorption spectrum. Nymphalini butterflies provide an opportunity for identifying some of the amino...

... spectral filters appears to be approximately 1 (PR) and 2 (DR). * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 12 5 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 compound eye colour vision spectral filter rhodopsin spectral sensitivity Animal eyes...

...-terminal sequences of three identified rhodopsins: P520, P450 and P357. Retinulae are composed of a small proximal cell and seven or eight elongate cells extending across the retina. In each retinula, one or two elongate dv cells oriented in the dorsal-ventral axis of the retinal lattice express either...

... systems. Light-activated rhodopsin stimulates guanine nucleotide exchange on the Gq class of G-protein, which activates phospholipase C to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. Subsequently, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-binding proteins...

... to the basement membrane, is also either a green or a red receptor ( Arikawa and Uchiyama, 1996 ). colour vision insect compound eye ommatidium retina photoreceptor rhodopsin fluorescence butterfly Papilio xuthus © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 03 07 2000 07 11 2000...

...James Bellingham; Alex G. Morris; David M. Hunt ABSTRACT The cephalopod molluscs are a group of invertebrates that occupy a wide range of oceanic photic environments. They are an ideal group of animals, therefore, in which to study the evolution of rhodopsin. The cDNA sequence of the rhodopsin gene...

... the ultraviolet-sensitive rhodopsins of flies as well as other insect rhodopsins that are also thought to absorb at short wavelengths. The retina of Manduca sexta contains three rhodopsins, P520, P450 and P357, with absorbance peaks, respectively, at green, blue and ultraviolet wavelengths. There is evidence...

...Andrew T. C. Tsin; Janie M. Flores ABSTRACT Goldfish with retinas rich in either rhodopsin or porphyropsin were illuminated with bright light and then placed in the dark room to allow visual pigment regeneration. The kinetics of this in vivo pigment regeneration were followed by sampling...