... and environmental enrichment on neural plasticity in guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ), by means of either a reversal-learning test or a spatial-learning test. Given considerable evidence supporting environmentally induced plastic alterations, two separate control groups that were not subjected to any cognitive test...

... that accelerated their behavioural development to begin foraging precociously differed from normal-aged foragers in cognitive performance. We used a social manipulation to generate precocious foragers from small experimental colonies and tested their performance in a free-flight visual reversal learning task...

.... Error scores for reversal learning of bees trained on both tasks. Error scores are pooled for the two tasks in the initial training (A) and the first reversal (B) and for all bees, but plotted separately for both tasks and both bees on the second reversal (C,D), since there were strong differences both...