... challenges for water-breathing animals including fish. As environmental CO 2 increases, there is a corresponding rise in CO 2 within the fish's blood, which in turn induces a decrease in blood pH ( Brauner et al., 2019 ; Cameron and Randall, 1972 ). This condition is referred to as respiratory acidosis...

... these fishes during exposure to severe acute hypercarbia and that this strategy is associated with increased hypercarbia tolerance. This suggests that preferential pH i regulation may confer tolerance to the respiratory acidosis associated with hypercarbia, and we propose that it is an exaptation...

... Rectal gill Respiratory acidosis Evolution The changes in blood acid–base balance that occur when an animal transitions from breathing water to breathing air were first established from studies on vertebrates – in particular, the amphibians and air-breathing fish that switch between these two...

... tolerant of air exposure, and experiences severe hypoxia both in its natural habitat and in aquaculture. To study the ability of M. albus to compensate for respiratory acidosis, we implanted catheters to sample both arterial blood and urine during hypercapnia (4% CO 2 ) in either water or air, or during...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 21 7 2003 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 hypercapnia CO 2 Antarctic fish Pachycara brachycephalum Lepidonotothen kempi oxygen consumption metabolic rate respiratory acidosis protein synthesis...

... and exhaustive exercise on plasma somatolactin levels were examined in the chronically cannulated rainbow trout to study the possible physiological roles of somatolactin. Respiratory acidosis induced by hypercapnia (2 % CO 2 ) did not affect plasma somatolactin level. In contrast, metabolic acidosis induced...

...Chris M. Wood; R. S. Munger ABSTRACT This study tests the hypothesis that the increase in blood and associated respiratory acidosis after exhaustive exercise play an important role in stimulating ventilation during post-exercise recovery in fish. Injection of bovine carbonic anhydrase (10 mg kg −1...

... NaCl or running distilled water. The animals in tap water displayed a 32% compensation for the respiratory acidosis in that [HCO 3 − ] and strong ion difference (SID) were elevated to return pH back towards the control level. The animals in 100 mmol l −1 NaCl behaved similarly. However, the animals...