...: The dive response is autonomically regulated, but many vertebrates can cognitively control cardiac function depending on the anticipated next dive. Here, we review the cognitive component of the diving response. Diving Breath holding Reflex Cognition Bradycardia Tachycardia Apnoea Ventilation...

... analyzed in a tubular tank with 50 cm of vertical range, and in most cases larvae reached the bottom of that tank during a 120 s dimming stimulus. Light-evoked spiral diving in zebrafish may be an innate defense reflex against specific predation threats. Since visual and auditory escapes are initially...

... amplitude. Through a combination of physiological and anatomical criteria we were able to identify seven classes of excitatory depressor motor neurons. The majority of these classes responded to proprioceptive input with a resistance reflex, while a few responded with an assistance reflex, and yet others...

...Judith Anderson; Maria I. Almeida-Silveira; Chantal Pérot ABSTRACT Reflex, mechanical and histochemical adaptations of the soleus muscle following 3 weeks of hindlimb suspension (HS) were measured in the rat. HS transformed the soleus muscle fibre type composition from predominantly slow, type I...

...Peter Skorupski; Paul J. Vescovi; Brian M. H. Bush ABSTRACT It is now well established that in arthropods movement-related feedback may produce positive, as well as negative, feedback reflexes ( Bässler, 1976 ; DiCaprio and Clarac, 1981 ; Skorupski and Sillar, 1986 ; Skorupski et al . 1992 ; Vedel...

...Peter Skorupski; Reinhold Hustert ABSTRACT Resistance reflexes in arthropods are negative feedback reflexes broadly analogous to the vertebrate stretch reflex ( Bush, 1962 ). Such reflexes may well be concerned with the maintenance of stable posture as a prerequisite for motor behaviour...

... excitatory motoneurones. Reflex movements of the scape-pedicel joint are triggered by several sense organs of the locust, e.g. antennal sensilla. Touching a flagellum of a resting locust normally evokes either an avoidance reflex , which removes the antenna from the stimulus source, or reflex chains, during...

... of either the middle or hind leg moved forward and backward in a trajectory similar to that used in a walking step. In a standing animal the movement of either leg evokes a weak resistance reflex. If the animal walks with the middle leg-stump held still, then short and weak motor bursts are generated...

...R. A. Dicaprio; F. Clarac ABSTRACT One of the most common reflexes observed in invertebrates is the resistance reflex, in which a proprioceptor at a given joint excites the motor neurones innervating the muscles controlling the joint so as to resist imposed movement (Bush, 1962, 1963, 1965; Barnes...