... is a secondary plant metabolite found in some nectars that affects foraging in pollinators. In honeybees, caffeine increases foraging and recruitment to mediocre food sources, which might benefit the plant, but potentially harms the colonies. For the largest group of social bees, the stingless bees, the effect...

...David Deslauriers; Jon C. Svendsen; Janet Genz; Alex J. Wall; Henrik Baktoft; Eva C. Enders; W. Gary Anderson ABSTRACT In many animal species, performance in the early life stages strongly affects recruitment to the adult population; however, factors that influence early life history stages...

...Elizabeth L. Franklin; Elva J. H. Robinson; James A. R. Marshall; Ana B. Sendova-Franks; Nigel R. Franks SUMMARY Learning is widespread in invertebrates. However, whether social insects improve their recruitment skills with experience is only beginning to be investigated. Tandem running is a one...

... ) tuned to the caloric benefits of floral resources. Using infrared thermography, we tested the hypothesis that forager motivation to recruit nestmates for a food source is positively correlated with T th . We trained bees to a sucrose feeder located 5–100 m from the nest. Recruiting foragers had...

... in muscle length trajectory and the pattern of activation), at the level of the muscle ( via changes in the number of motor units recruited), and at the level of the whole animal (through the use of intermittent flight). Pectoralis muscle length trajectory and activity patterns were measured in vivo...

..., both of which recruit nestmates. Our experiments suggest that during exploration the ants deposit a long-lasting pheromone that elicits a weak recruitment of nestmates, while when exploiting food the ants deposit a shorter lasting pheromone eliciting a much stronger recruitment. We further investigate...

...Nadja Schilling; Timna Fischbein; Evelyn P. Yang; David R. Carrier SUMMARY The extrinsic appendicular muscles of mammals have been suggested to impose parasagittal torques on the trunk that require recruitment of the oblique hypaxial muscles for stabilization. To determine if the recruitment...

... functions as an inverted strut at the shoulder during constant-speed running and to characterize the locomotor function of extrinsic muscles of the forelimb, we monitored changes in the recruitment of six muscles that span the shoulder (the m. pectoralis superficialis descendens, m. pectoralis profundus,m...

... muscles in these species contain a single muscle fibre type. Therefore, the power output is entirely determined by muscle activity and strain trajectory, rather than recruitment of motor units with different contractile properties as in many other vertebrate muscle systems. Relative EMG intensity...

... on analyses of shoulder anatomy and on a handful of descriptive electromyographic studies. To improve our understanding, we manipulated the locomotor forces of trotting dogs and monitored the resulting change in recruitment of five extrinsic muscles of the forelimb: m. serratus ventralis thoracis, m. serratus...

...James C. Nieh; Daniel Sánchez SUMMARY Stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) can recruit nestmates to good food sources. We present the first data showing that recruiting meliponine foragers at feeders and inside nests regulate their thoracic temperature according to net food profitability. Using...

...-mail: [email protected] ) † Present address: Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Neurology, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA 23 2 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 locomotion biomechanics muscle power mechanical advantage recruitment human...

... of remote dance-followers are recruited coincides with the location of this phase-reversal phenomenon relative to the signal source. We propose that effective signal amplification by the phase-reversal phenomenon occurs when bees straddle a cell across which the phase reversal is expressed. Such a bee would...

...Juergen Tautz ABSTRACT The waggle dance of the honeybee Apis mellifera , used to recruit nestmates to a food source, takes place on the surface of the combs in the dark hive. The mechanism of information transfer between dancer and follower bees is not entirely understood. The results presented...

... of the firing rates of motor units, and appears to provide a simple schema for controlling motor units; and (2) the firing rate/recruitment interaction which appears to en-hance the smoothness of the force output of a muscle. The evolution of these concepts has been expedited by the development of recent...