... the hypothesis that the absence of Mauthner cells in the Pacific spiny dogfish and other elasmobranchs may be associated with longer latencies when escaping from a threat. Predator avoidance Survival Elasmobranch Reaction time Escape kinematics Mauthner cells * Author for correspondence...

... and two belugas. We compared latency of trained vocal responses to stimuli not indicating reward [reaction time (RT)] with latency of VS following SR. For RT trials, three of the animals (MUK, SAY and IAY) responded with a whistle to a tone stimulus and a pulse burst to a pulsed stimulus. The other three...

... − were presented in random order (50% each). The number of consecutively presented S + stimuli was limited to four. In experiments c and d, the procedure was slightly different ( Fig. 2C ). In these cases, we measured the reaction time (RT) as well. This is the period between the onset...