... and physiological traits of amphibian larvae during the critical onset of metamorphosis are particularly susceptible to these stressors. We used a crossed experimental design subjecting Rana temporaria larvae to four constant rearing temperatures (18, 22, 26, 28°C) crossed with three environmentally relevant...

...Robert G. Boutilier; Julie St-Pierre SUMMARY The common frog ( Rana temporaria ) spends the coldest months of each year overwintering in ice-covered ponds where temperatures can vary from 0.5 to 4.0°C. Over the course of a winter season, the animals enter progressively into a state of metabolic...

... that NO is involved in the generation of motor activity in embryos of the frog Rana temporaria was investigated using the NO donors S -nitroso- n -acetylpenicillamine (SNAP; 100–500 μmol l −1 ) and diethylamine nitric oxide complex sodium (DEANO; 25–100 μmol l −1 ). Immobilised Rana temporaria embryos generate a non...

... hypoxia normoxia hibernation electron transport chain frog Rana temporaria state 4 proton conductance Faced by harsh overwintering conditions, many species of frog, including Rana temporaria , hibernate under water, often in ice-covered ponds ( Pinder et al., 1992 ). This overwintering...

...Paul H. Donohoe; Timothy G. West; Robert G. Boutilier ABSTRACT Frogs ( Rana temporaria ) were submerged at 3 °C in either normoxic or hypoxic water for up to 16 weeks, and denied air access, to mimic the conditions of an ice-covered pond during the winter. The activity of the skeletal muscle Na...

...Glenn J. Tattersall; Robert G. Boutilier ABSTRACT At the low temperatures of the overwintering environment of the frog Rana temporaria , small changes in ambient temperature have large effects on metabolism and behaviour, especially since Q 10 values are often greatly elevated in the cold. How...

... that enabled continuous electronic surveillance of an animal’s movement along a thermal gradient. When Rana temporaria pre-acclimated to 3.5 °C were placed in a normoxic thermal gradient ranging from 0.8 to 8 °C, they invariably favoured the warmer end of the chamber. Upon exposure to hypoxia, however...

...H. P. J. Buschman; W. J. Van Der Laarse; G. J. M. Stienen; G. Elzinga ABSTRACT The origin of the threefold variation found previously in isometric force normalized to cross-sectional area of single fast-twitch tibialis anterior muscle fibres of the frog Rana temporaria was studied by using (1...

...A. J. Tiiska; K. Y. H. Lagerspetz ABSTRACT The effects of 1 or 2–3 weeks of acclimation to 4 °C and 24 °C of overwintering grass frogs ( Rana temporaria ) on the synaptic delay and on the time constant of the decay phase ( τ ) of miniature end-plate currents (MEPCs) in the neuromuscular junction...

...S. R. Soffe ABSTRACT Embryos of the frog Rana temporaria up to and around the time of hatching show a range of rhythmic and non-rhythmic movements. These may occur spontaneously or in response to lightly touching the skin of the trunk or head. The first response to touching one side is usually...