.... Using force plates we compared the hindlimb forces produced by two species of vampire bats that walk well, Desmodus rotundus ( N =8) and Diaemus youngi ( N =2), to the hindlimb forces produced during over-ground shuffling by a similarly sized bat that is a poor walker ( Pteronotus parnellii ; N =6...

... velocity and Doppler shifts. Pulse emission behavior of Pteronotus parnellii in flight was compared with simulated flight on a pendulum. The data showed significant differences in echo bandwidths, constant-frequency pulse durations and interpulse intervals. In flight, pulses and interpulse intervals tended...