... between antagonistic muscles likely acts to stiffen the fin system in order to enhance control and stability. EMG Fish Propulsion Motor control Sensory feedback Transection The pectoral fins of fishes perform dual and interacting roles as motors and sensors. As motors, the pectoral fins...

... analysis to calculate lower-limb joint mechanical variables. As forward acceleration magnitude decreased, the vertical GRF impulse remained nearly unchanged whereas the net horizontal GRF impulse became smaller as a result of less propulsion and more braking. Mechanical function was adjusted at all three...

... forward thrust during refill using a flexible velum to achieve effective propulsion. Propulsion Colony Velum Nanomia bijuga The physonect siphonophore Nanomia bijuga is a colonial cnidarian capable of long-distance migrations ( Robison et al., 1998 ) as well as short sprints...

...Brett R. Aiello; Adam R. Hardy; Chery Cherian; Aaron M. Olsen; Sihyun E. Ahn; Melina E. Hale; Mark W. Westneat ABSTRACT The functional capabilities of flexible, propulsive appendages are directly influenced by their mechanical properties. The fins of fishes have undergone extraordinary evolutionary...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Highlighted Article: A comparison of the swimming and hydrodynamics of control lampreys to lampreys whose spinal cord was transected mid-body reveals the hydrodynamic advantage of actively controlled swimming. Hydrodynamics Biomechanics Propulsion Fish Vortex...

...Victoria Ngo; Matthew James McHenry The fluid forces that govern propulsion determine the speed and energetic cost of swimming. These hydrodynamics are scale dependent and it is unclear what forces matter to the tremendous diversity of aquatic animals that are between a millimeter and a centimeter...

... clearly show the vortex dynamics related to the thrust-generating mechanism, which is very important for understanding the underlying propulsion mechanism. The calculations for the prolate jetting hydromedusa S. tubulosa indicate the formation of a single starting vortex ring for each pulse cycle...

... to that of the black ghost knifefish. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 14 8 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 aquatic locomotion vortex shedding propulsion vortex rings...

...Alexandra H. Techet SUMMARY Propulsion and maneuvering underwater by flapping foil motion, optimized through years of evolution, is ubiquitous in nature, yet marine propulsors inspired by examples of highly maneuverable marine life or aquatic birds are not widely implemented in engineering...

... their muscles to power movement, in describing body and appendage motion during propulsion, and in conducting experimental and computational analyses of fluid movement and attendant forces. But it is clear that substantial future progress in understanding aquatic propulsion will require new lines of attack...

... braking force while the hindlimb exerts a net propulsive force. Steady speed locomotion requires that braking and propulsion of the stance limbs be equal in magnitude. We predicted that changes in body mass distribution would alter individual limb braking–propulsive force patterns and we tested...

...Brad R. Moon; Carl Gans ABSTRACT Previous studies have addressed the physical principles and muscular activity patterns underlying terrestrial lateral undulation in snakes, but not the mechanism by which muscular activity produces curvature and propulsion. In this study, we used synchronized...

...David E. Alexander ABSTRACT Individuals of Idotea resecata and I. wosnesenskii were videotaped at 200 frames s∼ 1 while swimming freely. Propulsion is provided by the first three pairs of abdominal appendages (pleopods), which may also function as gills. Unlike typical crustacean metachronal...

..., The University of Leeds, Leeds, England, LS2 9JT. 21 7 1987 © 1988 by Company of Biologists 1988 mesoglea mechanical properties propulsion The mesoglea of coelenterates can function mechanically in diverse roles, for example as a highly deformable and extensible material...

... 1988 jellyfish energetics propulsion Animals swim by moving various parts of their bodies to do work on the environment, and the mechanical energy required to do this work is generated by contraction of muscles driving the locomotor apparatus. Unfortunately, it is often difficult...