... the aerodynamic performance of swept and extended wing postures of 13 raptor species in three families (Accipitridae, Falconidae and Strigidae) using a propeller model to emulate mid-downstroke of flapping during take-off and a wind tunnel to emulate gliding. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that (1...

... in flight motivation (e.g. high-powered escape flight), angle of ascent, wing span and/or body mass ( Berg and Biewener, 2010 ; Kullberg et al., 1998 ). Spinning feathers and the propeller assembly were mounted on a custom-built force plate (15×15 cm, Bertec Corp., Columbus, OH, USA) to measure...

... strategy, we used a propeller and force-plate model to study aerodynamic force production across a developmental series of the altricial-flying mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ). We observed the same trend in mallards as reported for chukar in that coefficients of vertical ( C V ) and horizontal force ( C H...

... propeller models to investigate further the forces acting on model hawkmoth wings in `propeller-like' rotation (`revolution'). Steadily revolving model hawkmoth wings produce high vertical (≈ lift) and horizontal (≈ profile drag) force coefficients because of the presence of a leading-edge vortex. Both...

... the relationship. (e-mail: [email protected] ) 21 3 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 aerodynamics flight propeller force coefficient lift drag wing High force coefficients are required to account for hovering flight in animals ranging from small...