... by a commercial electrofishing device. Electronarcosis Strongly electric fish Electric shock Predator Novelty response Starting with the remarkably detailed accounts of the ancient Egyptians ( Gamer-Wallert, 1970 ; Westendorf, 1999 ), the African electric catfish ( Malapteruridae ) has been...

... is discussed from an ecological perspective. Neuroethology Behaviour Predator Animal cognition Cognitive ecology Watching an archerfish take position and fire a precisely aimed jet of water at a tiny insect half a metre away is an experience that can quickly turn you on to these fish. Many...

... not supported by our study. None of the three D. pulex clones showed an upregulation of these previously proposed candidate genes as a response to predator kairomone, which is interpreted as the result of refined methods used for both RNA sampling and kairomone enrichment yielding unambiguous results compared...

... of a visually guided aquatic predator, the sunburst diving beetle, Thermonectus marmoratus (Coleoptera: Dystiscidae). These eyes are characterized by complex layered distal and proximal retinas. We previously reported that their principal eye E2 has a bifocal lens, and previous behavioral experiments suggested...

...Kevin Bland; Nicholas P. Revetta; Annette Stowasser; Elke K. Buschbeck One of the biggest challenges that predators, such as the larvae of the diving beetle Thermonectus marmoratus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), are faced with is to accurately assess the distance of their prey. Most animals derive...

... predators, with a UV-sensitive proximal retina that, according to its ultrastructure, has three distinct cell types with anatomical attributes that are consistent with polarization sensitivity. In the present study we used electrophysiological methods and single-cell staining to confirm polarization...

... levels: control, exposure to low calcium availability, predator kairomone exposure during training or a combination of low calcium and predator kairomones. Snails isolated during training alone demonstrated no difference in memory formation compared with the snails trained in groups. Maintaining snails...

... dropped significantly during the first 2 h and kept decreasing significantly until the end of the trial at 18 h. These results support the hypothesis that ecological factors mould the swimming behaviour of hatchling sea turtles, with predator pressure being important in determining the strategy used...

... for editorial comments. FUNDING This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation [grants IOS0545978 and IOS1050754 to E.K.B.]. It appears that the success of this predator relates to its complex eye organization, in which different retinas are organized...

... of aerial respiratory behavior. Juvenile Lymnaea , however, can form LTM following classical conditioning of appetitive behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that laboratory-reared juvenile Lymnaea have the ability to detect the presence of a sympatric predator (i.e. crayfish) and respond to the predator...

.... spectans vulnerable to predation by this bat to the point of excluding the moth from day roosts where the bat occurs. References Bell, G. P. and Fenton. M. B. ( 1984 ). The use of Doppler-shifted echoes as a flutter detection and clutter rejection system:the echolocation and feeding behavior...

...William H. Liden; Jens Herberholz SUMMARY One of the most important decisions any animal has to make is how to respond to sensory cues that suggest an imminent attack by a predator. We measured behavioral and neural responses of juvenile crayfish to moving shadows of different velocities while...

...Ryan P. Ferrer; Richard K. Zimmer SUMMARY Animal perception of chemosensory cues is a function of ecological context. Larvae of the California newt ( Taricha torosa ), for example, exhibit predator-avoidance behavior in response to a chemical from cannibalistic adults. The poison tetrodotoxin (TTX...

... and Walker,1992 ; Baines et al.,2005 ). Even in cases where total DFAAs and arginine are released from live, intact, aquatic arthropods and teleost fish, rates are extremely low and, therefore, unlikely to attract predators within native environments( Zimmer et al., 1999 ). By contrast, total DFAA...

...Justin J. Meager; Paolo Domenici; Alex Shingles; Anne Christine Utne-Palm SUMMARY We examined the effect of turbidity (0.5–14 beam attenuation m –1 ) and predator attack speed (150 and 296 cm s –1 ) on escape responses of juvenile cod Gadus morhua in the laboratory. We triggered escape responses...

... streams of auditory information be processed simultaneously? Evidence from the gleaning bat Antrozous pallidus. J. Comp. Physiol. A 189 , 843 -855. Bates, D. L. and Fenton, M. B. ( 1990 ). Aposematism or startle? Predators learn their responses to the defenses of prey. Can. J. Zool . 68 , 49 -52...

... during prey–predator interactions. To complement the physiological and anatomical studies with a necessary behavioral equivalent, we investigated encounters between juvenile crayfish and large dragonfly nymphs in freely behaving animals using a combination of high-speed video-recordings and measurements...

...James H. Fullard; Jeff W. Dawson; David S. Jacobs SUMMARY The simple auditory system of noctuoid moths has long been a model for anti-predator studies in neuroethology, although these ears have rarely been experimentally stimulated by the sounds they would encounter from naturally attacking bats...

... in the feeding behavior sequence but also that each system plays a more or less dominant role during consecutive phases of the behavior. * e-mail: [email protected] 21 12 2000 26 2 2001 © 2001 by Company of Biologists 2001 fish muskellunge Esox masquinongy predator prey...