... and such classic paradigms as power amplification ( Vogel, 2005a , b , 2009 ). The ability of these systems to inspire discovery, catalyze new pathways for cross-cutting discoveries in the field of biology, and open new pathways for novel design in materials and robotics is as much a testament...

.... ( 2019 ). Hurry up and get out of the way! Exploring the limits of muscle-based latch systems for power amplification . Integr. Comp. Biol. 59 , 1546 - 1558 . 10.1093/icb/icz141 Alexander , R. M. ( 1988 ). Elastic Mechanisms in Animal Movement , Vol. 404 . Cambridge : Cambridge...

...-jaw morphology is specialized for high-speed power amplification in the Dracula ant, Mystrium camillae . R. Soc. Open Sci. 5 , 181447 . 10.1098/rsos.181447 Liang , X. and Crosby , A. J. ( 2020 ). Uniaxial stretching mechanics of cellular flexible metamaterials . Extreme...

... , 1399 - 1414 . 10.1111/evo.12365 Brown , R. B. ( 1939 ). The musculature of Agelena naevia . J. Morphol.   64 , 115 - 166 . 10.1002/jmor.1050640202 Claverie , T. , Chan , E. and Patek , S. N. ( 2011 ). Modularity and scaling in fast movements: power amplification...

... in water than they do in air. Biomechanics Energy Kinematics Power amplification Stomatopod Diverse biological systems, including locusts and mantis shrimp, use latch-mediated, spring-actuated systems to generate movements with incredibly high speeds and mechanical power ( Gronenberg...

... HMDS:ethanol; 1:1 HMDS:ethanol; 2:1 HMDS:ethanol; 100% HMDS). The specimens were placed in a fume hood and the fluid was evaporated for 1–24 h. Specimens were then mounted on stubs and imaged using SEM ( n =2 larvae). Latch Adhesion Power amplification Locomotion Hydrostatic Elastic Army...

... by the traditional means of jointed appendages (i.e. legs). Elaterid beetles belong to a group of organisms that amplify muscle power through morphology to produce extremely fast movements. Elaterids achieve power amplifications through a hinge situated in the thoracic region. The actuating components of the hinge...

..., the power output of Myrmoteras mandibles is significantly lower than distantly related trap-jaw ants using different spring-loading mechanisms, indicating a relationship between power-amplification mechanism and performance. References Bennet-Clark , H. C. ( 1975 ). The energetics of the jump...

... activity and spring compression. Kinematics Stomatopoda Predation Motor control Extracellular recording Electromyography Power amplification Latches In extremely fast animal systems, muscle contraction occurs prior to movement in order to store elastic potential energy, which...

... of a catch. To explore the limits of power amplification with and without a catch, we studied the bullfrog plantaris muscle–tendon during in vitro contractions. A novel servomotor controller allowed us to measure muscle–tendon unit (MTU) mechanical behavior during contractions against a variety of simulated...

... no competing financial interests. 18 9 2013 19 11 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Push-off Power amplification Catapult Joint force power Impulse Jerk Steady-speed walking over level ground is a cyclic motion where the average mechanical...

... materials and mechanics. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 16 3 2011 © 2011. 2011 biomechanics elastic mechanisms invertebrates power amplification Inserting a spring into a biological system offers a myriad of opportunities, ranging from powerful...

... reorganization of joint architecture and asymmetric distribution of mineralized cuticle, the mantis shrimp's raptorial appendage offers a remarkable example of how structural and mechanical modifications can yield power amplification sufficient to produce speeds and forces at the outer known limits of biological...