...Vanessa R. Ho; Greg G. Goss; Sally P. Leys ABSTRACT Sponges (phylum Porifera ) are an early diverging animal lineage without nervous and muscular systems, and yet they are able to produce coordinated whole-body contractions in response to disturbances. Little is known about the underlying...

...Sarah B. Flensburg; Anders Garm; Peter Funch ABSTRACT Sponges (phylum Porifera) are metazoans which lack muscles and nerve cells, yet perform coordinated behaviours such as whole-body contractions. Previous studies indicate diurnal variability in both the number of contractions and the expression...

... the molecular pathways of tissue regeneration in lower metazoans may help reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genes involved in this important adaptive response. Because marine sponges (Porifera) were among the earliest branching Animalia phyla, they represent an extremely informative experimental model...

... versus D). Finally, it was not possible to identify the presence of the fine quartz dust (Min-U-Sil) added during the experiments except in a few small areas of the observed sections. Porifera host a great variety of microorganisms that in many cases develop mutualistic relationships with sponges...

...Danielle A. Ludeman; Matthew A. Reidenbach; Sally P. Leys ABSTRACT Sponges (Porifera) are abundant in most marine and freshwater ecosystems, and as suspension feeders they play a crucial role in filtering the water column. Their active pumping enables them to filter up to 900 times their body...

... framework in which the first animals evolved. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2015 Porifera Neuroid conduction Neural signalling Nervous...

... declare no competing or financial interests. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2015 Ctenophora Porifera Comb jelly Phylogeny Choanocytes Choanoflagellata Neural evolution Metazoan origins Ctenophores, or comb jellies, are among the most enigmatic of animal phyla...

... 2011 27 3 2012 © 2012. 2012 sponge Porifera K 2P tandem-pore K + channel arachidonic acid pH Tandem pore domain K + channels (K 2P ; KCNK) are a family of ion channels involved in the control of background or leak membrane conductances ( Bayliss and Barrett, 2008...

... by other animal eyes. One step in understanding the function of these convergently evolved sponge eyes is to identify molecular components and their functions. Porifera cryptochrome evolution eye vision © 2012. 2012 14 12 2011 * Author for correspondence ( oakley...

... ( [email protected] ) 1 2 2011 © 2011. 2011 ATP distribution mitochondria imaging bioluminescence HPLC Porifera Suberites domuncula The number of mitochondria, the main producers of energy required for cellular function, varies from 20 to 2500 per cell ( Pike and Brown, 1984...

... . Science 301 , 361 - 363 . Koziol C. , Borojevic R. , Steffen R. , Müller W. E. G. ( 1998 ). Sponges (Porifera) model systems to study the shift from immortal to senescent somatic cells: the telomerase activity in somatic cells . Mech. Ageing Dev. 100 , 107 - 120...

.... Aquat. Sci. 56 , 1801 -1808. Ilan, M. ( 1995 ). Reproductive biology,taxonomy, and aspects of chemical ecology of Latrunculiidae (Porifera). Biol. Bull. 188 , 306 -312. Lee, S. and Fuhrman, J. A. ( 1987 ). Relationships between biovolume and biomass of naturally derived marine...

... to the origin of nerves and true muscle. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 16 7 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 Ephydatia muelleri peristalsis evolution of conduction Porifera propagated contraction Sponges (phylum Porifera) have...

..., U. ( 1990 ). Shallow marine bioerosion: preliminary results of an experimental study. Bull. Geol. Soc. Denmark 38 , 85 -99. Calcinai, B., Cerrano, C. and Sarà, M. ( 2000 ). Boring sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Indian Ocean. Ital. J. Zool. 67 , 203 -219. Edinger, N. E...

...Michael Nickel SUMMARY Although sponges (Porifera) are basal Metazoa without muscles and a central nervous system, they are able to locomote, which is generally correlated to drastic morphological changes. This behaviour has been known for more almost 150 years, but it is only partly understood...

...Matthias Wiens; Renato Batel; Michael Korzhev; Werner E. G. Müller SUMMARY To date no nuclear receptors have been identified or cloned from the phylogenetically oldest metazoan phylum, the Porifera (sponges). We show that retinoic acid causes tissue regression in intact individuals...