... eight photoreceptors, two of them having rhabdomeres in tiers. The eyes contain six spectral classes of photoreceptors, peaking in the UV, blue, green and red. Most photoreceptors have moderate polarization sensitivity with randomly distributed angular maxima. The beetles have the necessary retinal...

... possesses two upward-looking ommatidia with vertical microvilli. The ventral eye may detect water by its polarization sensitivity, even if the insect is resting with its head slightly tipped down on a raised surface. The polarization sensitivity and polarotaxis in springtails (Collembola) have not been...

... , detect polarized light through a specialized dorsal rim area (DRA) in their compound eye. To better understand retinal mechanisms underlying visual navigation, we compared opsin expression, spectral and polarization sensitivities and response–stimulus intensity functions in the DRA and main retina...

...Christopher M. Talbot; Justin Marshall SUMMARY The existence of polarization sensitivity (PS), most likely resulting from the orthogonal arrangement of microvilli in photoreceptors, has been proposed in cephalopods for some time, although it has rarely been examined behaviourally. Here, we tested...

...Christopher M. Talbot; Justin Marshall SUMMARY Coleoid cephalopods (octopus, cuttlefish and squid) potentially possess polarization sensitivity (PS) based on photoreceptor structure, but this idea has rarely been tested behaviourally. Here, we use a polarized, striped optokinetic stimulus...

...C. W. Hawryshyn; S. D. Ramsden; K. M. Betke; S. Sabbah SUMMARY We were interested in comparing the characteristics of polarization sensitivity in Atlantic salmon to those in Pacific salmon. Here we show that the common ancestor to the clade containing Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, O. nerka, O...

... approach was used to examine the retinal neural mechanisms underlying polarization sensitivity. The effect of blocking negative feedback from horizontal cells to cones on the ERG was studied by making intraocular injections of low doses of cobalt, known to block this feedback pathway. It was found...

...John C. Tuthill; Sönke Johnsen SUMMARY We tested the hypothesis that polarization sensitivity enhances the detection of moving, transparent objects by examining the escape response of the red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii Girard) from a visual threat. A transparent, birefringent target...

... of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 fish behaviour visual behaviour polarization sensitivity e-vector discrimination fish vision Visual systems responding to e-vector orientations of polarized light,independent of variation in intensity, possess polarization vision( Lythgoe and Hemmings, 1967...

...Nadav Shashar; Shai Sabbah; Thomas W. Cronin SUMMARY Partially linearly polarized light is abundant in the oceans. The natural light field is partially polarized throughout the photic range, and some objects and animals produce a polarization pattern of their own. Many polarization-sensitive marine...

... polarotaxis reflection polarization polarization sensitivity 180° field-of-view imaging polarimetry It is a well-documented phenomenon that many aquatic insect species,especially small-bodied Heteroptera (e.g. Sigara, Corixa and Cymatia sp.) but also some Coleoptera (e.g. Berosus sp.),seek...

... in the weakly polarization-sensitive ( PS ≈2)photoreceptors of Papilio butterflies, we have calculated the influence of reflection polarization on the colours of leaves and flowers perceived by Papilio . Compared with a retina containing polarization-blind colour receptors, the colour loci of specularly...

...Raymon M. Glantz SUMMARY It is proposed that polarization sensitivity at the most peripheral stages of the crayfish visual system (lamina ganglionaris and medulla externa) is used to enhance contrast and thus may contribute to motion detection in low contrast environments. The four classes...

... and vegetables to demonstrate that polarized light in nature follows this general rule. The consequences of the reflection-polarization patterns of small bodies of water for water detection by polarization-sensitive aquatic insects are discussed. * Permanent address: Biophysics Group, Department of Atomic...

... is not used as a directional cue but instead as a signal to sustain oriented behavior. The dichroism of the ossicles of O. brevispinum and the animal’s capacity (though eyeless) to discriminate between polarized and unpolarized light suggest that the mechanism of polarization sensitivity may rely...