...-kinase (PI-3K) and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB). Studies by Lim et al. ( Lim et al.,2005 ) indicated that the INR, Akt/PKB and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase DSOR1 were expressed in the midgut epithelium of the malaria vector A. stephensi and were activated by Plasmodium falciparum...

... and because the Plasmodium parasite is a complex multistage pathogen targeted by multiple immune responses. Sterile protective immunity can be achieved by immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites, and anti-disease immunity can be induced in residents in malaria-endemic areas. However, the 23 Mb...

... a refractory mosquito. Accomplishments include germline transformation of several important mosquito vectors, the completed genomes of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum , and the identification of promoters and effector genes that confer resistance in the mosquito...