... component of these models is the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) of muscles, which relates to the maximum amount of force they can produce. Here, using the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria , we compare various ways to obtain PCSA values and use in vivo measurements of bite forces to validate...

... for correspondence at present address: Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA ( [email protected] ) 2 9 2009 © 2009. 2009 masticatory mechanics muscle architecture fiber length physiological cross-sectional area masseter temporalis sarcomere length...

... length physiological cross-sectional area An accurate knowledge of skeletal muscle architecture provides an understanding of muscle design and performance( Gans, 1982 ; Sacks and Roy, 1982 ), the ability to plan surgical procedures( Fridén and Lieber,2001 ; Fridén and Lieber,2002...

...Susannah K. S. Thorpe; Yu Li; Robin H. Crompton; R. McNeill Alexander ABSTRACT Calculation of the stresses exerted by human muscles requires knowledge of their physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made it possible to measure PCSAs of leg muscles of healthy...