... paleoanthropologists, who attempt to deduce the physical activity patterns of ancient species based on the morphology of fossils ( Ruff, 2005 ). Frequently, researchers compare the diaphyseal structure of hominin upper limbs with that of lower limbs in order to infer the emphasis placed on activities involving upper...

..., the lactating mother–offspring unit is limited by maternal energy intake, rather than by the growth potential of the offspring. Physical activity decreased significantly from parturition to DOL 18. This was similar to the decline in voluntary wheel-running activity shown in lactating hamsters ( Phodopus...

...Klaas R. Westerterp SUMMARY There is a limit to the performance of an organism set by energy intake and energy mobilization. Here, the focus is on humans with unlimited access to food and for whom physical activity can be limited by energy mobilization. The physical activity level (PAL...