... particle image velocimetry (PIV). Trout of each size class preferentially swam in vortices rather than the freestream, but the capacity to flow refuge varied according to the ratio of vortex width to fish length ( W V : L F ). Consistent refuging behavior was exhibited when W V : L F ≥1.5. All size classes...

... for reconstructing the instantaneous pressure field sensed by a fish's lateral line system from two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The method uses a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to predict an optimized solution for the pressure field near and on the fish's body that satisfies...

... the snake's posture were approximated using two-dimensional anatomically accurate airfoils positioned in tandem to mimic the snake's geometry during flight. Load cells were used to measure the lift and drag forces, and flow field data were obtained using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The results...

... recently, novel experimental tools such as high-speed 2D and 3D particle image velocimetry have permitted detailed quantification of the fluid dynamics of aquatic jet propulsion. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of a variety of parameters such as efficiency, kinematics and jet parameters, and review...

... particle image velocimetry, with a horizontal measurement volume placed below the animals, to show that the wake shed by hovering hawkmoths is best described as a series of bilateral, stacked vortex ‘rings’. While the upstroke is aerodynamically active, despite an inclined stroke plane, it produces weaker...

... (NaBi) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) to measure P met and P mech in blackcaps flying in a wind tunnel. We also cross-validated measurements made by NaBi with quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) body composition analysis in yellow-rumped warblers. We found that P met estimated by NaBi was ∼12...

... that negative mechanical work occurs in posterior regions of the body during early phases of the turn near the time of maximal body curvature. Here, we used a modified particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique to obtain high-resolution flow fields around the zebrafish body during turns. Using detailed swimming...

... creates a vortex during the escape response. Momentum is added by the ventral pleopod appendages. Chelae Escape velocity Particle image velocimetry Vortex Animal performance is the ability to accomplish ecologically relevant tasks, such as foraging and predator avoidance...

... types of visual information using a single camera. Animal behavior Computer vision Multichannel visualization Kinematics Particle image velocimetry Biomechanics The visualization of multiple channels of spatial information is common to numerous fields of biological study. Multichannel...

... not substantially redirect the force. We quantified the flow patterns using high speed video and particle image velocimetry and measured acceleration with small inertial measurement units attached to each fish. Even in steady tail beats, the fish accelerates slightly during each tail beat, and the magnitude...

... is morphologically distinct from that of silver carp. Using 3D particle image velocimetry, we determined how particles and fluid interact with the surface of the gill rakers/plates. Filtering plates in silver carp induce strong directed vortical flow, whereas the filtering apparatus of bighead carp resulted...

... such trophic diversity owing to the general lack of strong trade-offs with other mechanisms that contribute to prey capture. However, flow can be visualized and quantitatively analyzed using particle image velocimetry (PIV). PIV consists of seeding the fluid with small neutrally buoyant particles, whose...

... a primarily stabilizing role for shark dorsal fins. We evaluated the generality of this hypothesis by using time-resolved particle image velocimetry to record water flow patterns in the wake of both the anterior and posterior dorsal fins in two species of freely swimming sharks: bamboo sharks ( Chiloscyllium...

... transition in mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) . J. Exp. Biol.   216 , 3988 - 3995 . 10.1242/jeb.089961 Raffel , M. , Willert , C. E. , Wereley , S. and Kompenhans , S. ( 1998 ). Particle Image Velocimetry . New York : Springer . Reinel , C. and Schuster...

... with wing flexing and with tail use, while tail use also increases body drag. Gliding flight Biomechanics Aerodynamics Wing morphology Particle image velocimetry PIV Wind tunnel Gliding flight in birds is a relatively inexpensive mode of flying, at least in terms of instantaneous power...

... in pre-competent larval sea urchins, Arbacia punctulata . We exposed larval urchins to grid-stirred turbulence and recorded their behavior at two stages (4- and 6-armed plutei) in three turbulence regimes. Using particle image velocimetry to quantify and subtract local flow, we tested the hypothesis...

... of two species: the diamond dove ( Geopelia cuneata ) and zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ), which exhibit different upstroke styles – a wingtip-reversal and flexed-wing upstroke, respectively. We used a combination of particle image velocimetry and near-wake streamline measures alongside detailed 3D...

...Kazutaka Yanase; Pentti Saarenrinne ABSTRACT The boundary layers of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , swimming at 1.02±0.09 L s −1 (mean±s.d., N =4), were measured by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique at a Reynolds number of 4×10 5 . The boundary layer profile showed unsteadiness...

... financial interests. 30 7 2014 27 10 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Biomechanics Lateral line Flow sensing Predation Particle image velocimetry Computational flow dynamics Predation is fundamental to the biology of fish predators and prey...

...: zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata, N =4) and diamond dove ( Geopelia cuneata, N =3). We measured kinematics using high-speed video, aerodynamics using particle image velocimetry, and ground-reaction forces using a perch mounted on a force plate. In contrast with the first three wingbeats of take-off...