... transparent and more conspicuous to predators. We tested this in the transparent grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio , which is found in shallow estuaries where both salinity and temperature change rapidly because of tidal cycles, evaporation and runoff. Animals originally kept at a salinity of 15 p.p.t...

... loops. Based on the PV loops generated in this study, the ventricle of Palaemonetes pugio processes the same primary phases of the cardiac cycle as ventricles from the multi-chambered hearts of vertebrates: (1)isovolumic contraction, (2) ventricular emptying, (3) isovolumic relaxation and (4...