... evidence demonstrating sophisticated cognitive capabilities in insects despite their small brains. Here, we studied innovation, defined as the capacity to solve a new task, of a solitary bee ( Osmia cornuta ) in the laboratory by exposing naive individuals to an obstacle removal task. We also studied...

... memory. We conclude that the neonicotinoid clothianidin compromises visual guidance and the use of navigational memory in the solitary bee Osmia cornuta . The clothianidin dose used in our study (0.76 ng animal −1 ) lies within the range of expected uptake from treated oilseed crops. Residue intake has...