... for the detection of polarized light, which in addition to communication with conspecifics, can be used for orientation and navigation. For vision in low light, optical superposition compound eyes perform particularly well. Other modifications to maximize photon capture involve large lenses, stout photoreceptors...

... of genetic control during early development and homeostatic visual input that fine-tunes the optics of the eye. While emmetropization has long been researched in vertebrates, it is largely unknown how emmetropia is established in arthropods. We used a micro-ophthalmoscope to directly measure how the lens...

... is situated slightly below the receptor surface. In contrast to other approaches, this device does not rely on reflective tapeta and allows for precise optical assessment of diverse invertebrate eyes. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare...

..., using full-wave optical simulations of physiologically realistic cone photoreceptors from birds, frogs and turtles, we find that pigmented oil droplets actually drastically reduce the transmission of light into the outer segment integrated across the full visible wavelength range of each species. Only...

...Elke K. Buschbeck Stemmata, the eyes of holometabolous insect larvae, have gained little attention, even though they exhibit remarkably different optical solutions, ranging from compound eyes with upright images, to sophisticated single-chamber eyes with inverted images. Such optical differences...

...George S. Bakken; Samantha E. Colayori; Taihung Duong SUMMARY The pitviper facial pit is a pinhole camera-like sensory organ consisting of a flask-shaped cavity divided into two chambers by a suspended membrane. Neurophysiological studies and simplified optical models suggest that facial pits...

... for A. mellifera , M. genalis and X. tranquebarica , might exist in A. dorsata . * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 10 5 2009 2009 apposition compound eyes ocelli moonlight nocturnal foraging sensitivity optics The European honeybee, Apis...

... a detailed optical and heat transfer analysis, which includes heat transfer through the air in the pit chambers as well as via thermal infrared radiation. We find the image on the membrane to be poorly focused and of very low temperature contrast. Heat flow through the air in the pit chambers severely limits...

...Eric Warrant; Klaus Bartsch; Claudia Günther ABSTRACT The fast-flying day-active hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) has a remarkable refracting superposition eye that departs radically from the classical principles of Exnerian superposition optics. Unlike its classical...

... the retina by a narrow vitreous body. Light and electron microscopy were used to generate an accurate geometrical model of the Ampularia sp. eye, which was then used to predict its optical performance. The image quality of the lens was investigated using a modified microscope and revealed that images suffer...

...Christoph P. E. Zollikofer; Rüdiger Wehner; Tsukasa Fukushi ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of body size variation on the optical properties of the compound eyes of visually guided desert ants belonging to the genus Cataglyphis . Although linear head size may vary by a factor of 2 within...

... 1992 eye gastropod sensitivity resolution optics Littorina littorea A well-developed camera-type (simple) eye is potentially a superb visual organ which, for the space it occupies, has the best information capacity of all optical designs. The presence of this kind of eye...