...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Dopamine exerts its modulatory actions on the olfactory system through the Dop1 receptor and thus acts as a mediator of behavioral plasticity in insects. Sexual behavior Dopamine Dop1 receptor Olfactory plasticity Neuromodulation Insects Many...

.... Glutamate GABA Neuromodulation Neuronal excitability Electric fish Pacemaker nucleus Electric communication Agonistic behavior Social signals Electric organ discharge South American freshwater weakly electric fish of the order Gymnotiformes rely on a common and relatively fixed electromotor...

... activity of the medicinal leech. The presence and characteristics of the stomatogastric nervous system, vital for feeding, are reported here for the first time. Feeding Serotonin Dopamine Central pattern generator Decision making Neuromodulation For many decades, the European medicinal...

... to unpredictable chronic stress. Neuromodulation Behavior Oxidative stress Cortisol Recently, much effort has been made to clarify the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) and to investigate which mechanisms are involved ( Young et al., 1999 ; Rampon et al., 2000 ; van Praag et al., 2000...

... gastric mill (chewing) and pyloric (filtering of food) central pattern generators. In vitro , the pyloric rhythm is stereotyped with little variation, but inter-circuit interactions and neuromodulation can alter both rhythm cycle frequency and structure. The range of variation of activity in vivo...

... modulates cardiac activity, suggesting high isoform specificity of the pyrokinin receptor(s) in this tissue. Central pattern generator Neuromodulation Neuropeptide The central pattern generator (CPG)-effector systems of invertebrates have previously and continue to provide valuable...

... activated the gastric mill rhythm, suggesting that the pyrokinin receptor(s) in the stomatogastric nervous system is relatively promiscuous. Central pattern generator Neuromodulation Peptide It is now well established that central pattern generators, although they are anatomically ‘hard...

... isolation from the nervous system as well as alterations in the neurochemical microenvironment of the central ganglia. Serotonergic neuron Extrasynaptic release Volume transmission Neuromodulation Lymnaea stagnalis Neurotransmitter synthesis Behavioural states defined as specific...

.... By contrast, co-application of a NOS inhibitor, l -NAME, with carbachol decreased beating frequency of the motor neurones. These results indicate that NO may act as a neuromodulator to facilitate swimmeret beating activity. The facilitatory effect of l -arginine was cancelled by co-application of the soluble...

... neuromodulator serotonin encodes different features of behavioral context and intrinsic state in a mammalian midbrain auditory nucleus, the IC. We did this by measuring serotonin in a single class of receivers, adult female mice, placed in different behavioral situations and measured in different stages...

... interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Hypothalamus Neuromodulation Neurobiology In all organisms, maintaining a stable internal environment and responding to external threats is vital for survival...

... INTERESTS No competing interests declared. 17 9 2012 23 1 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Crustacea stretch reflex neuromodulation behavior posture molt ecdysteroids Arthropods are characterized by a rigid cuticle exoskeleton...

...., 1995 ; Thurimulai and Marder, 2002). FMRFamide histamine myosuppressin neuromodulation pyloric suppressor neuron stomatogastric nervous system Although we were unable to obtain a myosuppressin-specific antibody to assess the presence or absence of pQDLDHVFLRFamide in the PS neurons...

[email protected] ) 12 4 2012 5 7 2012 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 behavior modification trophic transmission microhabitat neuromodulation immunomodulation site of infection activity Are parasites sophisticated puppet masters of their host’s...

...Ian C. Hall; George V. Rebec; Laura M. Hurley SUMMARY Neuromodulation by serotonin (5-HT) could link behavioral state and environmental events with sensory processing. Within the auditory system, the presence of 5-HT alters the activity of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC), but the conditions...

... peptide. J. Neurosci. 17 , 1748 -1760. Zilberstein, Y. and Ayali, A. ( 2002 ). The role of the frontal ganglion in locust feeding and moulting related behaviours. J. Exp. Biol. 205 , 2833 -2841. Zilberstein, Y., Ewer, J. and Ayali, A. ( 2006 ). Neuromodulation of the locust frontal...

... 2008 neuromodulation central pattern generator projection neurons neuropeptide Cancer borealis Neuromodulation enables single motor circuits to generate multiple distinct activity patterns by changing the intrinsic and synaptic properties of circuit neurons ( Marder et al., 2005...

... antagonist neuromodulation G protein-coupled receptor amine cloning © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 25 10 2007 * Present address: 219 BBSC, Department of Biology, College of Science,Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA † Author...

... pEFDEY (SO3H) GHMRFamide GGGEY (SO3H) DDY (SO3H) GHLRFamide heart sulfakinin Homarus americanus expressed sequence tag (EST) neuromodulation cardiac ganglion In addition to providing important commercial fisheries, decapod crustaceans have long served as model organisms for a number...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 28 6 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 neuromodulation central pattern generator pyloric rhythm gastric mill rhythm motor circuits immunolabeling Kinin peptides were first isolated from...