... points at 452 and 316 mmol l −1 Cl − , respectively. [Na + ] is hyper-regulated at all salinities. mRNA expression of gill Na + /K + -ATPase is salinity sensitive in A. albatrossis , increasing ∼1.9-fold at 5‰ compared with 30‰ S , decreasing at 40–60‰ S . Expression in H. planatus is very low salinity...

... used biochemical and electrophysiological approaches in the locust, Locusta migratoria , to test the hypothesis that the protection afforded by RCH is mediated by activation of the Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) in neural tissue. RCH did not affect NKA activity measured in a biochemical assay of homogenized...

... in distilled water, D. pagei survived without mortality, hemolymph osmolality and [Cl − ] increased briefly, stabilizing at initial values, while [Na + ] decreased continually. Expression of gill V-type H + -ATPase (V-ATPase), Na + /K + -ATPase and Na + /K + /2Cl − symporter genes was unchanged. In M. jelskii...

... in the activity of basolateral Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) and apical V-type H + -ATPase (VA) and (2) region-specific Na + and K + flux rates. Both indicate a prominent role for the hindgut (rectum) in K + reabsorption. MTs also exhibit region-specific differences in Na + and K + flux rates that are coupled...

... + -ATPase and Na + /K + -ATPase is altered when larvae are reared in brackish water (30% seawater) relative to freshwater. Measurements of luminal Na + and K + concentrations also show a 5-fold increase in Na + /K + ratio in the caecal lumen in larvae reared in brackish water relative to freshwater, whereas...

... and trimeric forms. AeAmt1 was immunolocalized to the basal side of the anal papillae epithelium where it co-localized with Na + /K + -ATPase. Ammonium concentration gradients were measured adjacent to anal papillae using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) and used to calculate ammonia...

... and presence of added ambient nitrite to decipher the cellular metabolism and effects of nitrite at basal and elevated concentrations under different oxygen regimes. We also tested hypotheses concerning the influence of nitrite on branchial nitric oxide synthase ( NOS ), Na + /K + -ATPase ( nka ) and heat...

... ontogeny. Ammonia excretion ( J amm ) Ammonia hypothesis Gill development Ionoregulatory hypothesis Oncorhynchus mykiss Na + uptake Na + /K + -ATPase In most fish species, the gill is the primary site for physiological exchanges of respiratory gases, ions, acid–base equivalents...

... that ammonia is at least partially excreted via the hypodermis. Starvation reduced the ammonia excretion rates by more than half, whereas mRNA expression levels of the Rhesus protein CeRhr-2, V-type H + -ATPase (subunit A) and Na + /K + -ATPase (α-subunit) decreased correspondingly. Moreover, ammonia excretion...

... that projected onto the hindgut and posterior midgut. Application of a cockroach AST to the semi-isolated hindgut of larval C. riparius led to dose-dependent inhibition of muscle contractions with an EC 50 of ~10 nmol l −1 and a decrease in rectal K + reabsorption resulting from reduced rectal Na + /K + -ATPase...

... as an osmoconformer in seawater). Additionally, expression of ion transporters and supporting enzymes that typically undergo upregulation during salinity transfer in osmoregulatory gills (i.e. Na + /K + -ATPase, carbonic anhydrase, Na + /K + /2Cl − cotransporter, V-type H + -ATPase and arginine kinase) were generally...

... , A. coluzzii and A. merus , as well as F1 progeny from reciprocal crosses of A. merus and A. coluzzii . Additionally, using immunohistochemistry, we compared the location of three ion regulatory proteins (Na + /K + -ATPase, carbonic anhydrase and Na + /H + -antiporter) in the recta of A. coluzzii and A. merus...

... No competing interests declared. 14 1 2013 28 5 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 dissociated neurons immunofluorescence magnet Na + /K + -ATPase whole-cell patch clamp Wide and frequent use of static magnetic field (SMF) in medicine and industry...

... individuals (141 mmol l –1 vs 134 mmol l –1 ), but the hematocrit remained unchanged. In seawater-acclimated individuals, branchial Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) activity was higher by 75%. Western blot analysis indicated that the abundance of the NKA α-subunit and a Na + /K + /2Cl – cotransporter (NKCC1) were...

... by locust Malpighian tubules exhibits a similar pharmacological profile, albeit with markedly higher concentrations of CPR being reached in S. gregaria . Immunolocalization of the Na + /K + -ATPase α-subunit in S. gregaria revealed that this transporter is abundantly expressed and localized to the basal...

... ) 7 9 2011 © 2011. 2011 mosquito anal papillae ion transport V-type H + -ATPase Na + /K + -ATPase Larval mosquitoes inhabit freshwater and are thus faced with dilution of their internal body fluids through the passive uptake of water and loss of ions. Observations reveal...

... control levels over time. Gill H + -ATPase activity increased by more than 45% 14 days after exposure to freshwater, whereas H + -ATPase mRNA levels were not affected by the salinity change. Within 4 days of freshwater exposure, gill Na + /K + -ATPase activity increased ∼43% over control levels, remaining...

... organism is reduced by more than 90%. Enzymes embedded in the plasma membrane, such as the Na + /K + -ATPase, may be even more susceptible to the cold because of thermal effects on the lipid bilayer. Accordingly, adaptive changes in response to the cold may include adjustments to the enzyme...

... + /K + -ATPase activity, and expression of gill Na + /K + -ATPase α-subunit and V-ATPase B subunit mRNA during salinity (S) acclimation. We also characterize V-ATPase kinetics and the organization of transport-related membrane systems in the gill epithelium. Macrobrachium amazonicum strongly hyper...

... environmental ammonia (HEA; 1 and 5 mmol l –1 NH 4 HCO 3 ) and evaluated the patterns of ammonia excretion and gill Rh mRNA and protein expression. Gill H + -ATPase , NHE1 , NHE2 , NHE3 , Na + /K + -ATPase ( NKA ), Na + /K + /2Cl – co-transporter ( NKCC1 ) mRNA, H + -ATPase activity, NKA protein and activity...